Organic Gem Material (Botanical)

Dark volcanic rock fragment (possibly basalt)

Basalt, a fine-grained mafic volcanic rock; identification is uncertain from the image

Weathered greenstone (probable)

Greenstone; likely altered mafic rock composed chiefly of chlorite, epidote, and albite

Rough green beryl (possibly emerald)

Beryl, Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈; emerald is chromium- or vanadium-colored green beryl

Coarse-grained metamorphic rock, likely gneiss

Biotite–quartz–feldspar gneiss (tentative; exact identification requires testing)

Tumbled sandstone pebble

Quartz-rich sandstone, likely ferruginous or calcareous sandstone

Weathered basalt cobble

Basalt; fine-grained mafic volcanic rock composed mainly of plagioclase and pyroxene, commonly with olivine

Likely weathered granite or granitic gneiss

Granite: quartz + feldspar + mica; possibly gneiss if the faint banding is structural

Tumbled quartz-rich stone, possibly quartzite

Quartz (SiO₂), likely quartzite with iron-oxide staining

Polished gray stone, likely quartzite or river-worn granite

Tentatively quartzite (mostly microcrystalline SiO₂); exact identification is uncertain from the photograph

Banded metamorphic rock, likely gneiss

Gneiss; predominantly quartz–feldspar with mica/amphibole minerals

Raw ruby (likely corundum)

Corundum, Al₂O₃; red varieties are ruby

Raw ruby (corundum)

Ruby variety of corundum, aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃), colored chiefly by chromium

Tumbled black tourmaline

Schorl, NaFe₃Al₆(BO₃)₃Si₆O₁₈(OH)₄

Small rounded yellow pebble, likely quartz-rich rock

Indeterminate from image; possibly iron-stained quartz or chert

Flint or chert nodule

Microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂), commonly chalcedony with possible opal and impurities

Tumbled pink feldspar-rich granite (likely potassium feldspar)

Granite/pegmatitic feldspar aggregate; chiefly KAlSi₃O₈ with quartz and minor mica or iron oxides

Weathered agate or chalcedony nodule

Microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂), likely agate/chalcedony with iron-oxide staining

Vesicular basalt (likely amygdaloidal basalt)

Basalt, a mafic volcanic rock composed mainly of plagioclase feldspar, clinopyroxene, and commonly olivine; vesicles are partly mineral-filled amygdules.

Olivine (Peridot)

Olivine Group (Magnesium Iron Silicate), (Mg, Fe)2SiO4

Diamond

C (Native Carbon)

Red Jasper

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with iron oxide inclusions

Polished peridot (olivine) cabochon

Olivine, typically forsterite-rich: (Mg,Fe)₂SiO₄

Fossiliferous Flint

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2) with Echinoid Fossil

Chrysocolla in Matrix

Hydrated copper silicates (Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4·n(H2O))

Blue apatite

Apatite-group phosphate, commonly fluorapatite (Ca5(PO4)3F)

Carnelian (orange chalcedony)

Chalcedony, microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂), iron-colored variety

Basalt

Basalt (Mafic volcanic rock)

Likely bituminous coal

Coal, predominantly carbon-rich organic matter; exact rank cannot be confirmed from the image

Tumbled purple chalcedony or low-grade amethyst bead bracelet

Chalcedony (microcrystalline SiO₂), possibly quartz/amethyst; composition is SiO₂

Potassium-Rich Silicate Clay (inferred from biological context)

Phyllosilicate group (likely Illite or Smectite within surrounding soil substrate)

Tumbled amethyst

Amethyst, purple quartz (SiO₂), colored by trace iron and irradiation

Iridescent polished labradorite cabochon

Labradorite, a calcium–sodium feldspar: approximately (Ca,Na)(Al,Si)₄O₈

Polished blue apatite tower

Apatite, commonly fluorapatite (Ca₅(PO₄)₃F)

Tumbled chert or jasper pebble

Microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂), likely iron-stained chert/jasper

Small quartz crystal cluster (likely druzy quartz)

Quartz, silicon dioxide (SiO₂)

Polished labradorite cabochon

Labradorite, calcium-rich plagioclase feldspar; approximately (Ca,Na)(Al,Si)₄O₈

Polished tiger’s-eye (likely iron-rich quartzite)

Quartzite composed mainly of SiO₂, with fibrous crocidolite pseudomorphs oxidized to iron oxides

Polished tiger’s-eye cabochon

Chatoyant quartz (SiO₂), typically quartz pseudomorphically replacing crocidolite fibers

Sapphire

Corundum (Al2O3)

Brown chalcedony (likely jasper or petrified wood fragment)

Microcrystalline quartz, SiO₂; brown coloration likely from iron oxides

Translucent yellow-orange mineral specimen, possibly amber or citrine

Uncertain; amber is fossilized tree resin (organic), while citrine is quartz, SiO₂

Tumbled chalcedony (likely moss or dendritic agate)

Microcrystalline quartz, SiO₂, with iron-oxide inclusions