Organic Gemstone (Not A Rock Or Mineral In The Traditional Sense, But Bio Mineralized Material)

Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Petrified Wood

Silicified wood (Quartz replacement, SiO2)

Pearl (as a Biogenic Mineral)

Calcium Carbonate (mostly Aragonite) with Conchiolin; CaCO3

Jasper

Silicon dioxide (SiO2)

Green Turban Shell (Polished)

Turbo marmoratus (Aragonite/Calcite)

Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Rounded iron-rich pebble

Likely hematite/goethite-bearing quartzite or ironstone; exact identification requires testing

Banded Jasper

Silicate Mineral (Microcrystalline Quartz / SiO2)

Travertine (Tufa)

Chemical Sedimentary Rock (CaCO3)

Quartz Druzy on Matrix (likely Agate or Jasper)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with various mineral inclusions

Goldstone (blue/black aventurine glass)

Man-made aventurine glass; silica glass containing metallic copper or other glittering inclusions

Hag Stone (Adder Stone / Geode-bearing Pebble)

Sedimentary Rock with Cavity (often Quartzite, Limestone, or Sandstone)

Coal (Anthracite / Bituminous)

Organic Sedimentary Rock (Carbon-based)

Likely weathered quartz-bearing rock

Probably quartz-rich pegmatite or altered feldspathic rock; exact identification is uncertain from the image

Clear Quartz (Double Terminated)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Petrified Wood

Silicified Wood (SiO2)

Moss Agate (Crescent Moon Shape)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with iron/manganese inclusions

Mosasaur Tooth Fossil

Mosasaurus sp.

Petrified Wood

Silicified Wood (SiO2)

Chert (Basanite / Jasperoid)

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Jadeite Bangle

NaAlSi2O6 (Jadeite pyroxene mineral aggregate)

Likely nephrite jade pebble

Nephrite, an interlocking amphibole aggregate dominated by tremolite–actinolite, Ca₂(Mg,Fe)₅Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂

Clear Quartz Crystal

Quartz (Silicon Dioxide, SiO2)

Sandstone (likely Fossiliferous Sandstone)

Clastic sedimentary rock (primarily SiO2)

Weathered iron-rich quartzite or sandstone pebble

Ferruginous quartzite; primarily quartz (SiO₂) with iron-oxide coatings

Iron-rich concretion or weathered ironstone

Goethite–hematite limonite aggregate; commonly described as limonite or ironstone

Jasper

Jasper (Silicon Dioxide, SiO2)

Flower Agate (Plume Agate)

Chalcedony (Silicon Dioxide) with Spherulitic Inclusions - SiO2

Dalmatian Stone

Dalmatian Jasper / Aplite

Turquoise and Red Coral

CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O (Turquoise) and Corallium rubrum (Red Coral)

Muscovite Mica

Muscovite (KAl2(AlSi3O10)(F,OH)2)

White seed-bead gemstone strand, likely freshwater pearl or shell pearl

Pearl: nacreous calcium carbonate, chiefly aragonite (CaCO₃) in conchiolin; identification uncertain from image

Bituminous Coal (with Anthracite or Vitrinite inclusion)

Organic-rich Sedimentary Rock (Carboniferous classification)

Chert (Brecciated Chert)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Red coral beads

Precious coral, commonly Corallium rubrum (calcium-carbonate skeleton)

Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Garnet

Almandine/Pyrope Garnet (X3Y2(SiO4)3)

Petrified Wood

Silicified Wood (SiO2)

Yellow Ochre / Limonite

Limonite (inter-mixed iron oxides and hydroxides, primarily FeO(OH)·nH2O)

Jade Ring

Nephrite (Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2) or Jadeite (NaAlSi2O6)

Jasper

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Amazonite

Microcline (KAlSi3O8)