Organic Gemstone (Not A Rock Or Mineral In The Traditional Sense, But Bio Mineralized Material)

Dalmatian jasper (often sold as Dalmatian stone)

Quartz-bearing microgranular felsic rock, commonly an altered rhyolite or related volcanic rock with black aegirine/arfvedsonite-group inclusions

Turquoise

CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O (Hydrated copper aluminum phosphate)

Tumbled dalmatian jasper (likely)

Microcrystalline quartz/chalcedony with black amphibole or aegirine inclusions; commonly sold as “dalmatian jasper”

Goldstone (aventurine glass)

Synthetic copper-bearing soda-lime glass; commonly sold as red goldstone

Bauxite

Bauxite (Mixture including Gibbsite Al(OH)3, Boehmite γ-AlO(OH), and Diaspore α-AlO(OH))

Quartz-rich pegmatitic rock with possible epidote or chlorite

Hydrothermal/pegmatitic quartz-bearing rock; identifiable minerals may include quartz (SiO₂), feldspar, and epidote/chlorite

Pearl

Organic Mineraloid (CaCO3 + Conchiolin)

Clear Quartz (Rock Crystal)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Fossilized shell

Indeterminate bivalve shell; likely calcitic or aragonitic shell material (CaCO₃)

Fossilized Shark Tooth (Partial)

Elasmobranchii (fossil tooth fragment)

Fossil-bearing sedimentary rock, possibly fossil wood or bone

Indeterminate silicified/carbonate fossil in sandstone or mudstone

Turquoise

Hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminum, CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O

Polished orange agate (likely carnelian)

Chalcedony, microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂); orange-red variety commonly called carnelian

Tourmaline crystal

Tourmaline Group (Complex Borosilicate)

Pearl

Calcium Carbonate (Aragonite/Calcite mixed with Conchiolin), CaCO3

Natural or Cultured Pearl

Calcium Carbonate (Aragonite and Conchiolin), CaCO3

Amethyst crystal cluster

Quartz (SiO₂), purple variety colored mainly by iron-related defects and irradiation

Quartz Pebbles

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Pearls

Aragonite (calcium carbonate) and Conchiolin

Turquoise

Hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminium (CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O)

Pearl (incorporated into jewelry)

Aragonite and Calcite (CaCO3)

Turquoise

Hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminium (CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O)

Amber

Fossilized Tree Resin (C10H16O)

Turquoise

Hydrated copper aluminum phosphate, CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O

Quartz (Milky/Clear Variety)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Petrified Wood

Silicified Wood (SiO2)

Pearl

Calcium Carbonate (primarily Aragonite and Calcite), CaCO3

Pearl

Biogenic Calcium Carbonate (Aragonite/Calcite), CaCO3

Polished bloodstone (heliotrope)

Chalcedony, microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂), colored by iron-oxide inclusions

Amber

Succinite (fossilized tree resin), C10H16O

Yellow Jasper

Quartz (Silicon Dioxide, SiO2 with impurities)

Petrified Wood

Silicified Wood (Quartzo-feldspathic fossil wood)

Turquoise

CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O (Hydrated copper and aluminum phosphate)

Polished leopard-skin jasper (likely feldspar-rich decorative stone)

Trade name: leopard-skin jasper; appearance may also fit a feldspar-rich rock such as larvikite or gabbro

Natural Pearl (appearing in a jewelry setting)

Calcium Carbonate (mostly Aragonite), CaCO3 with Conchiolin

Fossilized tooth, likely shark tooth

Fossilized selachian tooth; possibly a worn Otodus or related shark tooth

Turquoise

CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O (Hydrous phosphate of copper and aluminium)

Pearl

Aragonite (CaCO3 with conchiolin)

Pearl

Organic Mineral (CaCO3 with conchiolin)

Fossilized Shark Tooth in Matrix

Otodus sp. (likely Otodus obliquus)

Fossil mammalian skull

Fossilized vertebrate bone; exact taxon cannot be determined from the image

Turquoise

Turquoise (CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O)