Organic Gemstone (Not A Rock Or Mineral In The Traditional Sense, But Bio Mineralized Material)

Bivalve seashell

Calcareous shell, primarily aragonite (CaCO₃); likely a modern cockle or related bivalve

Pearl (nacre)

Calcium Carbonate (mostly CaCO3 as Aragonite) and Conchiolin

Pearl

Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) + organic conchiolin (Biogenic Mineral)

Breccia

Breccia (Clastic Sedimentary Rock)

Turquoise

Turquoise (CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O)

Dalmatian jasper

Orbicular microcrystalline quartz rock, commonly rhyolitic or volcanic-feldspar matrix with black arfvedsonite/alkali-amphibole inclusions

Fossil shell fragment, likely bivalve or gastropod

Fossilized calcium-carbonate shell; likely aragonite/calcite replaced by calcite

Turquoise

Hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminium: CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O

Clear Quartz (Rock Crystal)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Amber (Copal)

Succinite (fossilized tree resin)

Tufa (Calcareous Tufa)

Calcareous Tufa (Precipitated CaCO3)

Clear Quartz Crystal

Quartz (Silicon Dioxide, SiO2)

Iron-rich rock, possibly weathered basalt or ironstone

Tentatively ferruginous basalt; exact identification requires testing

Polished turquoise

Turquoise — hydrated copper–aluminum phosphate, CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O

Fossilized tooth, likely a mammalian tooth fragment

Indeterminate fossil tooth; possibly an ungulate or carnivoran tooth

Turquoise and Red Coral

Turquoise: CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O; Red Coral: Corallium rubrum (organic gemstone)

Turquoise

Hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminium (CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O)

Petrified wood

Silicified wood, commonly quartz (SiO₂) replacing woody tissue

Pearl

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) - Aragonite/Calcite organic gemstone

Iron-stained quartz rock

Quartz (SiO₂), likely ferruginous quartz or quartz-rich breccia

Pearl necklace

Pearl: biogenic calcium carbonate, primarily aragonite (CaCO₃), in a conchiolin matrix

Tumbled dark-green stone, possibly bloodstone (green jasper)

Likely chalcedony (microcrystalline SiO₂); exact identification is uncertain from the photograph

Popcorn

Zea mays everta (P. Wilson) (Botanical name for the corn variety)

Dalmatian jasper

Orbicular rhyolite, commonly sold as Dalmatian jasper; quartz- and feldspar-rich volcanic rock with dark amphibole/biotite inclusions

Amethyst crystal cluster

Amethyst, purple variety of quartz (SiO₂)

Pearl

Organic gemstone (Calcium carbonate - CaCO3)

Tumbled amber-colored chalcedony (likely carnelian)

Chalcedony, microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂); orange-red variety called carnelian

Red Coral

Corallium rubrum (Calcium Carbonate, CaCO3 with Carotenoid pigments)

Tufa Rock and Tumbled Gemstones

Calcareous Tufa (Calcium Carbonate, CaCO3)

Amber

Succinite (fossilized resin)

Turquoise

Turquoise - CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O

Amber

Fossilized tree resin; chiefly organic terpenoid polymers (succinite)

Pearl

Aragonite / Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Jasper

Silicon dioxide (SiO2)

Limonite

Limonite (FeOO·nH2O)

Amber

Fossilized Tree Resin

Green-and-gold apatite-bearing rock, possibly epidote skarn

Apatite-group mineral, commonly fluorapatite (Ca₅(PO₄)₃F), with probable epidote and quartz; exact identification requires testing

Fossilized coral (likely honeycomb or branching coral)

Fossil coral; probable Scleractinia or Tabulata, composition mainly microcrystalline CaCO₃

Fossilized bone fragment

Petrified vertebrate bone; mineralized hydroxyapatite replaced or infilled by silica/carbonates

Fossil-bearing Sedimentary Rock

Sedimentum cum fossili

Clear Quartz (Rock Crystal)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Pearl

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) in the form of orthorhombic Aragonite and Conchiolin