Jasper (Iron-stained Chert)
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with iron oxide inclusions
sedimentary
Category
Organic Structure (Not A Rock)
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Pearl strand
Nacreous pearl, primarily aragonite (CaCO₃) with conchiolin protein
gemstone
Fossiliferous Limestone
Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) with Organic Inclusions
fossil
Ironstone Nodules in Chalk/Limestone
Limonite/Goethite concretions (FeO(OH)·nH2O) in Calcium Carbonate matrix (CaCO3)
sedimentary
Glauconitic Sandstone
Glauconitic Sandstone with high Glauconite concentration ((K,Na)(Fe3+,Al,Mg)2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2)
sedimentary
Coal
Bituminous coal (Complex organic sedimentary rock)
sedimentary
Fossilized Coral
Rugosa / Scleractinia (Agatized or Calcitized Coral)
fossil
Chert (Flint)
Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)
sedimentary
Banded Chert
Chert (Silicon Dioxide, SiO2)
sedimentary
Fossiliferous Limestone (Coquina)
Biogenic Limestone (Calcium Carbonate, CaCO3)
sedimentary
Petrified Wood
Silicified Wood (SiO2)
sedimentary
Seashell Fossil
Gastropoda fossil
fossil
Chert with Calcite Veins
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) intrusions
sedimentary
Petrified Wood
Silicified Wood (SiO2)
fossil
Petrified Wood
Silicified wood (Quartz/Chalcedony replacement) SiO2
sedimentary
Fossilized Brachiopod
Brachiopoda (Phylum)
fossil
Fossilized Bone Fragment
Vertebrate Fossil
fossil
Chert (Limestone/Flint variant)
Microcrystalline or cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)
sedimentary
Lapis Lazuli
Lazurite-rich metamorphic rock (approx. (Na,Ca)8(AlSiO4)6(S,Cl,SO4,OH)2)
metamorphic
Petrified Wood
Silicified Wood (primarily Quartz/Chalcedony, formula: SiO2)
sedimentary
Moss-covered Limestone with Quartz/Calcite Pocket
Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) rock with biological moss coating
sedimentary
Chert (varieties include Flint and Jasper)
Microcrystalline or Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)
sedimentary
Jasper
Silicon dioxide (SiO2)
sedimentary
Black Jasper (Black Onyx substitute)
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with carbonaceous impurities
sedimentary (microcrystalline quartz)
Shale or Slaty Mudstone
Argillaceous sedimentary rock
sedimentary
Fossilized Dinosaur Skull (Tyrannosaurus rex)
Tyrannosaurus rex (permineralized fossil), rich in Hydroxylapatite/Silica
sedimentary
Chert (specifically Jasper/Brown Chert)
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)
sedimentary
Herkimer Diamond
Quartz (Silica - SiO2)
mineral
Lapis Lazuli
Na8(Al6Si6O24)S2 (Lazurite is the primary constituent mineral)
metamorphic
Asphalt aggregate
Human-made bituminous asphalt containing crushed silicate rock aggregate
sedimentary
Fossil Shell Fragment (possibly Brachiopod or Bivalve)
Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) - Phylum Brachiopoda or Mollusca
sedimentary
Chert (Jasper type)
Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)
sedimentary
Fossiliferous Limestone / Petrifaction
Sedimentary rock with fossil inclusions / Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)
fossil
Limestone Pebble
Sedimentary Rock (Calcite, CaCO3)
sedimentary
Coal
Bituminous Coal / Anthracite
sedimentary
Chert (specifically Jasper/Flint)
Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)
sedimentary
Fossiliferous Limestone with Rugose Coral
Calcite (CaCO3) matrix containing Rugosa (order of extinct solitary and colonial corals)
sedimentary
Petrified Wood
Silicified Wood (primarily Quartz/Chalcedony, formula SiO2)
sedimentary
Bituminous Coal
Organic-rich sedimentary rock (Complex hydrocarbons)
sedimentary
Geode (Unopened)
SiO2 (Quartz-filled Sedimentary Nodule)
sedimentary
Chert (Iron-stained)
Chert (SiO2)
sedimentary
Sandstone with Quartz Crystal Infill
Quartz-cemented quartz arenite
sedimentary