Sedimentary (Processed Mineral Product)

Chalk

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Botryoidal Goethite

Goethite (α-Fe3+O(OH))

Red Jasper (beads)

SiO₂ (Silicon Dioxide)

Gold-bearing quartz or ironstone fragment

Quartz (SiO₂) with possible native gold and iron oxides

Gneiss

Gneiss (High-grade metamorphic rock)

Smoky quartz and clear/white quartz bead necklace

Quartz, silicon dioxide (SiO₂); smoky variety colored by irradiation-related defects

Coal (likely Anthracite)

Anthracite coal

Fuchsite

K(Al,Cr)2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 (Chromium-rich Muscovite)

Tumbled black-and-white stone, likely dendritic agate or jasper

Cryptocrystalline quartz (SiO₂), possibly chalcedony with manganese-oxide dendrites

Iron-stained quartz

Quartz (SiO₂), colored by iron-oxide/hydroxide staining

Vesicular basalt (probable scoriaceous basalt)

Basalt, composed mainly of plagioclase feldspar, pyroxene, and commonly olivine

Likely graphite-rich schist (possibly galena-bearing metamorphic rock)

Graphite schist; chiefly quartz–mica with graphite (identification uncertain from photograph)

Blue calcite cluster

Calcite (calcium carbonate, CaCO₃)

Tumbled milky quartz

Quartz (silicon dioxide, SiO₂)

Opalite

Synthetic Glass (Simulated Moonstone/Opal)

Likely copper-bearing rock (identification uncertain)

Possibly native copper with copper oxides; the image is insufficient for a definitive identification

White quartz bead strand (likely milky quartz)

Quartz, silicon dioxide (SiO₂), crystalline silica

Green tourmaline (likely chrome/dravite tourmaline crystals)

Tourmaline-group cyclosilicate; commonly elbaite, dravite, or chromdravite, complex borosilicate formula

Lapis lazuli bead bracelet

Lazurite-bearing calcite–pyrite rock; lazurite formula (Na,Ca)₈(AlSiO₄)₆(S,SO)₂

Green sea glass (likely slag glass or bottle glass)

Man-made soda-lime silicate glass; not a naturally occurring mineral

Weathered jasper-rich ironstone

Brecciated jasper/chert with iron oxides and hydroxides (SiO₂ with hematite, goethite, and limonite)

Granite

Granite (interlocking crystals of quartz, feldspar, and mica)

Kidney Stone

Calcium Oxalate (CaC2O4), Uric Acid, or Struvite

Limestone

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Milky quartz with iron staining

Quartz (silicon dioxide, SiO₂), likely massive or vein quartz

Botryoidal hematite–goethite specimen

Hematite (Fe₂O₃) with goethite (FeO(OH)), possibly minor manganese oxides

Seraphinite

Clinochlore (Mg,Fe2+)5Al(Si3Al)O10(OH)8

Polished Black Basalt Pebble

Basalt

Ferro-slag (Leland Blue/Slag Glass)

Anthropogenic Vitreous Silica (Industrial Slag)

Kyanite-bearing metamorphic rock

Blue kyanite (Al₂SiO₅), likely in mica- and garnet-rich schist

Native Copper

Copper (Cu)

Black tourmaline (schorl) on quartz matrix

Schorl, NaFe3Al6(BO3)3Si6O18(OH)4, commonly associated with quartz (SiO2)

Tumbled milky quartz

Quartz (silicon dioxide, SiO₂), cryptocrystalline to microcrystalline variety

Kyanite (Green and Blue varieties)

Kyanite (Al2SiO5)

Pumice (likely)

Vesicular volcanic glass, typically rhyolitic or dacitic in composition

Banded Chert

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Raw botryoidal goethite/limonite specimen

Goethite (α-FeO(OH)), commonly mixed with limonite (hydrated iron oxides)

Quartzite

Quartzite (SiO2-rich metamorphic rock)

Grey Chalcedony (Tumbled)

Chalcedony (SiO2)

Milky quartz

Quartz (silicon dioxide, SiO₂)

Wollastonite

Wollastonite (CaSiO3)

Bornite (Peacock Ore) / Acid-treated Chalcopyrite

Bornite (Cu5FeS4) or Chalcopyrite (CuFeS2)