Synthetic (Glass)

Dyed Agate

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with synthetic dyes

Silicon Carbide (Carborundum)

Moissanite (SiC), though mostly synthetic

Emerald

Beryl (Be3Al2(SiO3)6) with Chromium/Vanadium impurities

Faceted red ruby

Corundum (Al₂O₃), colored red by chromium

Moissanite

Silicon Carbide (SiC)

Diamond or Cubic Zirconia

Carbon (diamond) or Zirconium dioxide (cubic zirconia)

Aura Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Titanium/Metal vapor coating

Sapphire

Corundum (Al2O3)

Dalmatian Stone

Dalmatian Jasper (a misnomer) / Perthitic Feldspar Rock

Diamond (Faceted Colorless)

Diamond (Pure Carbon, C)

Unidentified polished dark gemstone cabochon

Possibly hematite, obsidian, jet, or dark agate; image insufficient for a definitive identification

Dyed Agate Slice

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with artificial dyes

Man-made Ceramic / Clay Figurine

Aluminosilicate Ceramic (Processed Clay)

Diamond (or Cubic Zirconia)

Crystallized Carbon (C) for Diamond; Zirconium Dioxide (ZrO2) for CZ

Note: The image provided is a fabric sock, not a geological specimen.

Polyester-Cotton Blend with Elastane

Blue gemstone ring (likely sapphire)

Likely corundum, Al₂O₃; the dark, reflective appearance may also indicate a treated or synthetic stone.

Cubic Zirconia

Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2)

Lapis Lazuli (Tumbled Stone)

Na6Ca2(Al6Si6O24)(SO4,S,Cl)2 (predominantly Lazurite)

Silicon Carbide (Carborundum)

Silicon Carbide (SiC)

Diamond (or Cubic Zirconia simulant)

C (Carbon) or ZrO2 (Zirconium Dioxide)

Black spinel bead bracelet

Spinel (magnesium aluminate), MgAl₂O₄

Ruby cabochons

Corundum, aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃), colored red by chiefly chromium

Smoky Quartz

SiO2 (Silicon Dioxide)

Mounted clear gemstone, likely cubic zirconia

Cubic zirconia (zirconium dioxide, ZrO₂), synthetic; exact stone cannot be confirmed from the image

Diamond (or Diamond Simulant)

Carbon (C) if diamond, various if simulant (e.g., Cubic Zirconia - ZrO2, Moissanite - SiC)

Clear faceted gemstone, likely synthetic cubic zirconia

Cubic zirconia (zirconium dioxide, ZrO₂); visual identification is not definitive and diamond or synthetic moissanite are alternatives

Smoky Quartz

Silicon dioxide with aluminum impurities (SiO2)

Pink Sapphire

Corundum (Al2O3 with trace Chromium and Iron)

Clear faceted gemstone in a gold-colored setting

Likely colorless quartz (rock crystal) or synthetic cubic zirconia; visual identification is inconclusive

Emerald in Matrix

Beryl (Be3Al2Si6O18) with Chromium/Vanadium impurities

Cubic Zirconia (as a jewelry specimen)

Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2)

Opal cabochon

Opal, hydrated amorphous silica (SiO₂·nH₂O), likely common or Ethiopian precious opal

Blue sapphire (likely synthetic or treated corundum)

Corundum, aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃), blue from iron and titanium impurities

Turquoise cabochon jewelry

Turquoise, hydrated copper–aluminum phosphate: CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O

Ruby (mounted cabochon)

Corundum, Al₂O₃; red color typically from chromium

Synthetic Resin Charm (Seal Shape)

Polymer Resin with plastic glitter / Polyethylene terephthalate glitters

Malachite

Copper carbonate hydroxide [Cu2CO3(OH)2]

Blue sapphire

Corundum, aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃), colored blue mainly by iron and titanium

Blue Sapphire

Corundum (Al2O3) with traces of Iron and Titanium

Rough Corundum (likely Sapphire or Common Corundum)

Aluminum oxide (Al2O3)

Blue sapphire ring

Corundum, aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃), blue variety colored mainly by iron and titanium

Cubic Zirconia (Faceted)

Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2)