Synthetic (Glass)

Smoky Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Bismuth

Bismuth (Bi)

Painted River Rock

Polished fluvial clast with acrylic/synthetic pigment coating

Silicon Carbide (Carborundum)

Moissanite (SiC)

Cultured Marble (Synthetic)

Polymer-matrix composite (typically calcium carbonate in polyester resin)

Ruby ring (likely synthetic ruby)

Corundum, Al₂O₃; red color from chromium. The image alone cannot establish whether the stone is natural or lab-grown.

K2 Stone (or K2 Jasper)

Azurite-in-Granite (Potassium Feldspar, Quartz, Plagioclase, Muscovite, and Azurite)

Diamond (Faceted Gemstone)

Native Carbon (C)

Blue faceted gemstones, likely blue sapphire

Corundum (Al₂O₃), blue varieties colored chiefly by iron and titanium

Polished green-and-black banded cabochon (likely malachite imitation or dyed agate)

Uncertain; possible malachite (Cu₂CO₃(OH)₂), banded agate (SiO₂), or man-made glass

Tumbled hematite

Hematite (iron(III) oxide, Fe₂O₃)

Pink faceted gemstone, likely synthetic cubic zirconia or pink sapphire

Uncertain from image; possible zirconium dioxide (cubic zirconia, ZrO₂) or corundum (pink sapphire, Al₂O₃)

Ruby (cushion-cut red gemstone)

Corundum, Al₂O₃; red color is typically caused by chromium

Dalmatian jasper

Orbicular rhyolite, commonly sold as Dalmatian jasper; quartz- and feldspar-rich volcanic rock with dark amphibole/biotite inclusions

Blue Sapphire

Corundum (Al2O3 with Cr, Fe, and Ti trace elements)

Raw Topaz

Aluminum Silicate Fluoride Hydroxide, Al2SiO4(F,OH)2

White cabochon gemstone, likely agate or chalcedony

Cryptocrystalline quartz (SiO₂), probably chalcedony/agate; exact identification is uncertain from the overexposed image

Faceted gemstone ring, likely smoky quartz or garnet in a metal setting

Not determinable from the photograph; possible quartz (SiO₂) or garnet-group silicate

Yellow faceted gemstone earrings, likely citrine or yellow beryl

Citrine: quartz, SiO₂; possible yellow beryl: Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈

Lapis Lazuli

Lapis lazuli (Rock composed primarily of Lazurite (Na,Ca)8(AlSiO4)6(S,Cl,SO4,OH)2, Calcite, and Pyrite)

Emerald in Matrix

Beryl (Be3Al2Si6O18) with trace amounts of Chromium/Vanadium

Man-made Jewelry Charm (Enameled Metal)

Not a natural mineral; composed of base metal alloy (likely zinc or brass) and epoxy resin/enamel.

Faceted green gemstone, possibly peridot

Uncertain from the image; peridot is gem-quality olivine, (Mg,Fe)₂SiO₄

Diamond (or Cubic Zirconia)

Carbon (C) or Zirconium Dioxide (ZrO2)

Bismuth Crystal

Bismuth (element symbol Bi, atomic number 83)

Tumbled hematite

Hematite (Fe₂O₃), commonly sold as “magnetic hematite” when synthetic or magnetized

Opal ring

Common opal, likely synthetic or assembled blue-green opal (hydrated amorphous silica, SiO₂·nH₂O)

Blue Sapphire (in a faceted jewelry setting)

Corundum (Al2O3) with trace Iron and Titanium

Ruby

Corundum (Al2O3)

Ruby

Corundum (Al2O3 with Chromium)

Quartzite (Engineered Stone)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) based synthetic composite

Red corundum gemstone (likely synthetic ruby)

Ruby: corundum, aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃), chromium-colored; likely lab-grown material

Polished amethyst cabochon

Amethyst, purple quartz (SiO₂)

Orange cabochon gemstone, likely amber or amber-like resin

Natural amber: fossilized plant resin (organic mineraloid), commonly succinite; exact identification requires testing

Ruby (Pink to Red Corundum)

Al2O3 (Corundum with Chromium impurities)

Ruby

Corundum (Al2O3 with Chromium traces)

Cut red gemstone, likely ruby

Ruby, gem-quality corundum (Al₂O₃) colored by chromium

Amethyst (Resin Carving/Orgonite)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with iron impurities

Cubic Zirconia (Man-made)

Cubic Zirconia (ZrO2) with Enamel and Metal Alloy

Colorless faceted gemstone (most likely synthetic cubic zirconia)

Cubic zirconia, ZrO₂ (likely synthetic); natural alternatives include quartz or diamond

Ruby (faceted gemstone in a ring)

Corundum, Al₂O₃; red color typically from trace chromium

Carborundum (Silicon Carbide)

Silicon Carbide (SiC)