Synthetic Glass (Often Categorized As A Simulated Mineral)

Red cabochon gemstone ring (likely ruby or red spinel; identity unconfirmed)

Possibly corundum (ruby, Al₂O₃) or spinel (MgAl₂O₄); visual identification alone cannot distinguish these from glass or synthetic stones.

Hematite

Iron(III) oxide, Fe2O3

Colorless faceted gemstone (likely cubic zirconia)

Cubic zirconia, ZrO₂ (synthetic zirconium dioxide); possibly synthetic glass or lab-grown diamond

Chipped Glass/Plastic Fragment

Silicon dioxide (SiO2) for glass (amorphous) or various polymer compounds for plastic

Ruby / Red Corundum

Al2O3 (Aluminum Oxide with Chromium trace)

Emerald in Matrix

Beryl (Be3Al2Si6O18) with Chromium/Vanadium impurities

Smoky Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with aluminum impurities and natural radiation

Red gemstone ring, likely synthetic ruby or red spinel

Ruby: corundum (Al₂O₃); spinel: MgAl₂O₄; exact identity requires testing

Tourmalinated Quartz

Crystalline Silicon Dioxide with Schorl inclusions (SiO2 + NaFe3Al6(BO3)3Si6O18(OH)4)

Raw Topaz

Aluminum Silicate Fluoride Hydroxide, Al2SiO4(F,OH)2

Cubic Zirconia (simulant) or Diamond

ZrO2 (Cubic Zirconia) or C (Diamond)

Blue glassy mineral fragment, possibly sodalite or dyed/cobalt glass

Uncertain; likely sodalite (Na₈Al₆Si₆O₂₄Cl₂) if natural, but vivid blue color may indicate cobalt-colored glass

Emerald in Matrix

Beryl (Be3Al2Si6O18) with trace amounts of Chromium/Vanadium

Synthetic Sapphire and Ion-X Glass

Single-crystal Alumina (Al2O3) and Ion-strengthened Aluminosilicate Glass

Purple faceted gemstone, likely amethyst or synthetic colored corundum

Amethyst: quartz (SiO₂); possible alternative: purple corundum (Al₂O₃) or glass

Smoky Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Small blue cut gemstone, possibly synthetic spinel or glass; species cannot be determined from the photo

Undetermined; blue synthetic spinel (MgAl₂O₄) is one possibility

Polished turquoise cabochon pendant

Turquoise, hydrated copper–aluminum phosphate: CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O

Tumbled hematite

Hematite (Fe₂O₃), commonly sold as “magnetic hematite” when synthetic or magnetized

Rough White Zircon

Zircon (Zirconium Silicate, ZrSiO4)

Amethyst gemstone ring

Quartz, purple variety — SiO₂

Pink faceted gemstone, likely synthetic or treated quartz

Quartz, silicon dioxide (SiO₂); exact identity cannot be confirmed from the image

Blue glass-like gemstone specimen (likely dyed or synthetic quartz)

Uncertain; possibly blue-dyed quartz or synthetic glass, not confidently identifiable from the image

Spinel

Magnesium Aluminum Oxide (MgAl2O4)

Blue Sapphire

Corundum (Al2O3) with traces of Iron and Titanium

Opalite

Man-made opalized glass

Clear Quartz (faceted) / Diamond Simulant

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) / Cubic Zirconia (ZrO2)

Cubic Zirconia (Diamond Simulant)

Zirconium Dioxide (ZrO2)

Blue gemstone ring, likely blue topaz or synthetic blue spinel

Likely topaz (Al₂SiO₄(F,OH)₂) or synthetic spinel (MgAl₂O₄); identification is uncertain from the image

Tumbled amethyst

Quartz, crystalline silicon dioxide (SiO₂), purple variety colored mainly by iron impurities and irradiation

Blue Sapphire

Corundum (Al2O3)

Rough Ruby

Corundum (Al2O3 with Chromium impurities)

Blue-beaded gemstone jewelry, likely lapis lazuli or dyed blue agate

Uncertain from the image; possible lazurite-bearing lapis lazuli (Na₃Ca(Si₃Al₃)O₁₂S) or blue chalcedony (SiO₂)

Green faceted gemstone, likely emerald or synthetic emerald

Beryl, Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈, colored green by chromium and/or vanadium; identity cannot be confirmed visually

Dyed Alum or Dyed Quartz (Ornamental Crystal)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) or Potassium Alum [KAl(SO4)2·12H2O]

Ruby

Corundum (Al2O3 with Chromium)

Smoky Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Green faceted gemstone, likely synthetic glass or peridot

Indeterminate from image; possible peridot (olivine, (Mg,Fe)₂SiO₄) or green synthetic glass

Pearl

Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) + organic conchiolin

Green glassy gemstone-like specimen

Likely synthetic glass or treated quartz; exact identification requires testing

Goldstone (with Tiger's Eye and Quartz)

Aventurine glass (Synthetic SiO2 with Cu inclusions)

Silicon Carbide (Carborundum)

Moissanite (SiC), though mostly synthetic