Anthropogenic (Man Made Industrial Deposit)

Sandstone

Arenite

Iron Ore / Ironstone Concretion

Mixture of iron oxide/hydroxide minerals, likely some combination of Hematite (Fe2O3), Goethite (α-FeOOH), and Limonite (a general term for hydrated iron oxides of variable composition) or potentially Bauxite (a mixture of aluminum hydroxides, often with iron oxides, (Al(OH)3) and FeO(OH)). The visual characteristics strongly suggest iron-rich material.

Turquoise (beads)

Turquoise; CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O

Clear Quartz (or Rock Crystal)

Quartz (SiO₂)

Quartz (in matrix)

Quartz (SiO₂)

Basalt with Secondary Mineralization (Likely Zeolites or Calcite)

Aphanitic mafic volcanic rock with secondary mineral inclusions (e.g., CaAl2Si3O10·3H2O for Scolecite)

Shale (possibly)

Shale (fine-grained clastic sedimentary rock)

Agate Nodule / Weathered Chert

SiO2 (Silicon Dioxide - Microcrystalline Quartz)

Sandstone

Arenite (composed primarily of SiO2)

Malachite

Malachite (Cu2CO3(OH)2)

Sandstone

Arenite (SiO2, often with CaCO3 or Fe2O3 cement)

Quartz

Quartz (SiO2 - Silicon Dioxide)

N/A (Non-Geological Object)

African Turquoise (Jasper)

Polychrome African Jasper (often marketed as 'African Turquoise' due to its color, but it is not true turquoise)

Sandstone

Arenite (variable SiO2 composition)

Cockle Shell (Fossil or Recent)

Class Bivalvia, Family Cardiidae (e.g., Cerastoderma edule for common cockle)

Sandstone

Arenite (primarily SiO2)

Smoky Quartz Cluster

Smoky Quartz (Silicon Dioxide - SiO2)

Quartz (Crystal/Druzy Quartz)

Quartz (SiO₂)

Fossilized Shell in Limestone

Biogenic Limestone (Calcium Carbonate, CaCO3)

Goethite

Goethite (α-FeO(OH))

Ruby in Zoisite

Ruby (Corundum, Al2O3) in Zoisite (Calcium aluminum silicate hydroxide, Ca2Al3(SiO4)3(OH)) with some Hornblende

Fossilized Coral (Coquina/Limestone)

Cnidaria Anthozoa (Fossilized)

Basalt

Basalt (Mafic volcanic rock)

Green Aventurine

Aventurine (a variety of Quartz, SiO2)

Chrysoprase

Chrysoprase (a variety of Chalcedony, SiO₂)

Hypersthene (or Enstatite/Ferrosilite)

Orthopyroxene series (Mg,Fe)SiO3 - specifically, historically hypersthene (intermediate member) now referred to as Enstatite (Mg-rich) or Ferrosilite (Fe-rich)

Scoria

Scoria (a vesicular basalt or andesite)

Blue Lace Agate

Chalcedony (SiO2) with trace inclusions

Chert (Flint)

Chert (microcrystalline quartz)

Bituminous Coal (with Anthracite or Vitrinite inclusion)

Organic-rich Sedimentary Rock (Carboniferous classification)

Amethyst Geode

Quartz (SiO₂) with iron impurities

Chert (often referred to as 'Jasper' when red)

Chert (microcrystalline quartz, SiO₂)

Puddingstone (Jasper Conglomerate)

Conglomerate (specific type: Jasper Conglomerate or Hertfordshire Puddingstone)

Laterite

Laterite (no specific mineral formula as it's a rock type)

Seraphinite

Clinochlore (a variety of the chlorite group)

Quartz with Mica (Micaceous Quartz)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Phyllosilicates

Bauxite

Bauxite (principal ore of aluminum, primarily Al(OH)3)

Nacre (Mother of Pearl)

Nacre (Biogenic Aragonite/Calcite composite, CaCO3)

Sandstone

Sandstone (lithified sand)

Black Chert

Chert (microcrystalline quartz)

Chert (specifically White Chert or Flint)

Microcrystalline or Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)