Industrial Byproduct (Anthropogenic Rock Like Material)

Gravel or Crushed Stone

Fragmented Aggregate Stone

Chert / Flint

Microcrystalline quartz (SiO2)

Brown Tourmaline

Dravite, NaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)4

Green Glass Cullet / Recycled Glass

Amorphous Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with various metal oxides

Vesicular Basalt (Lava Rock)

Vesicular Basalt

Polished dark breccia or gneiss-like rock

Indeterminate polymictic breccia; likely quartz–feldspar–mica rock with iron-oxide staining

Greywacke (River Pebble)

Greywacke sandstone with quartz veining

Polished amber agate pendant/beads

Chalcedony (microcrystalline quartz), SiO₂, likely iron-stained yellow-orange agate

Botryoidal quartz (likely chalcedony/agate)

Microcrystalline silica, SiO₂; possibly quartz-rich chalcedony with iron-oxide staining

Queen Conch Shell (Biogenic Calcium Carbonate)

Aliger gigas (synonym Strombus gigas); Composition: Aragonite (CaCO3)

Mica schist

Mica-rich schist, likely muscovite–quartz schist

Polished orbicular jasper

Orbicular jasper; microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂) with hematite/goethite and other silicate inclusions

Polymer Clay (Mock Mineral)

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) with plasticizers and pigment

Red Sandstone

Clastic Sedimentary Rock (typically contains Quartz and Iron Oxide)

Fossil bivalve shell

Likely an extinct or modern-like ribbed cockle/scallop; exact genus requires locality and diagnostic hinge features

Red Sandstone

Arenite (with Iron Oxide / Hematite), Formula: SiO2 (Quartz) + Fe2O3 (Hematite coating)

Botryoidal chalcedony (likely jasper/chalcedony aggregate)

Microcrystalline quartz, SiO₂; commonly iron-oxide stained

Garnet Schist

Garnetiferous Mica Schist

Quartz (Milky/River Quartz)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Limestone

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Pyrite-bearing rock in reddish shale

Iron sulfide (pyrite, FeS₂) in iron-rich shale or mudstone

Weathered quartz-rich stone, possibly fossiliferous limestone

Indeterminate; likely calcite-rich limestone (CaCO₃) or weathered quartz-bearing rock

Chert (often called Flint or Jasper)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Diamond (Cut Specimen)

Diamond (pure carbon, C)

Quartz-rich mineral specimen, possibly druzy quartz with iron staining

Quartz (SiO₂), possibly coating a vesicular host rock

Copper-bearing altered rock, likely chrysocolla-bearing quartzite or breccia

Quartz (SiO₂) with copper silicate minerals, chiefly chrysocolla [approximately (Cu,Al)₂H₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄·nH₂O], and iron oxides

Likely slag-encrusted ironstone or a small mineralized rock fragment

Unidentifiable from the image; possibly iron-oxide-rich material (hematite/goethite) with adhering dark slag or debris

Diabase (Greenstone)

Diabase (also known as Dolerite)

Mixed rock fragments, likely iron-stained quartz-rich material

Indeterminate mixture; visible pale fragments may be quartz or feldspar, with iron-oxide staining (goethite/limonite)

Fossilized oyster or bivalve shell

Fossil Gryphaeidae or Ostreoidea; calcitic shell, CaCO₃

Diamond (or Cubic Zirconia)

Carbon (C) or Zirconium Dioxide (ZrO2)

Likely weathered fossil bone fragment

Indeterminate fossilized bone; taxonomic identification requires microscopy and locality data

Botryoidal chalcedony with iron-oxide staining

Microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂), likely iron-oxide-bearing chalcedony

Bauxite

Bauxite (Al(OH)3, AlO(OH))

Weathered gray rock, likely basalt or andesite

Fine-grained mafic to intermediate volcanic rock; likely basalt (plagioclase ± pyroxene, possibly altered)

Rounded weathered stone, likely quartz-rich sandstone or fine-grained volcanic rock

Indeterminate hand specimen; probable quartz–feldspar sandstone (SiO₂-rich)

Diamond (or diamond simulant)

C

Sandstone

Quartz Arenite / Clastic Sedimentary Rock

Black glassy volcanic rock, likely scoria or obsidian

Vesicular basaltic scoria (probable); possibly dark obsidian

Pegmatite

Coarse-grained igneous rock

Quartz pebble

Silicon dioxide (SiO2)

Weathered vuggy quartz-rich rock (probable silicified limestone or quartz breccia)

Microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂) with calcite (CaCO₃), iron oxides, and minor clay minerals