Industrial Byproduct (Anthropogenic Rock Like Material)

Potassium-Rich Silicate Clay (inferred from biological context)

Phyllosilicate group (likely Illite or Smectite within surrounding soil substrate)

Limonite Stained Basalt

Hydrated Iron Oxide on Mafic Volcanic Rock (FeO(OH)·nH2O)

Polished ocean jasper / orbicular jasper (probable)

Silica-rich chalcedony (microcrystalline quartz, SiO₂) with iron oxides and altered volcanic inclusions

Fossil Snail

Gastropoda fossil

Anthracite Coal

Anthracite

Unknown dark mineral fragment

Indeterminate; possibly a dark silicate mineral or slag-like geological fragment

Fossilized Bone Fragment

Vertebrate Fossil

Fossil shell fragment, likely bivalve or brachiopod

Indeterminate fossilized mollusk/brachiopod; commonly calcite (CaCO₃)

Dyed agate (likely dyed chalcedony)

Microcrystalline quartz, SiO₂ (chalcedony/agate)

Likely polished dark stone or mineral specimen (unidentifiable from image)

Undetermined; possibly dark quartz-rich material, basalt, or obsidian

Quartz-bearing iron-stained breccia

Brecciated quartz/quartzite with iron oxides, chiefly SiO₂ with hematite/goethite and possible feldspar or host-rock fragments

Serpentinite

Serpentinite (composed primarily of Serpentine group minerals (Mg,Fe,Ni,Al,Zn,Mn)2-3(Si,Al,Fe)2O5(OH)4)

Coal (Bituminous / Anthracite)

Organic Sedimentary Rock (Carbonaceous Rock)

Sandstone (Red/Brown)

Arenite (SiO2 dominated with iron oxides)

Sandstone

Sandstone (clastic sedimentary rock)

Tumbled turquoise

Turquoise, hydrated copper aluminum phosphate — CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O

Orbicular jasper (often sold as leopard-skin jasper)

Silicified volcanic tuff/rhyolite; chiefly microcrystalline quartz and chalcedony (SiO₂), with iron oxides and altered volcanic minerals

Rounded brown river pebble

Likely weathered sandstone or iron-stained quartz-rich rock; exact identification requires testing

Sandstone (Pebble/Conglomerate fragment)

Sandstone (clastic sedimentary rock)

Quartz with Iron Staining

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Hematite/Limonite inclusions

Iron-stained quartz-rich rock, possibly jasperized quartz or quartzite

Mostly SiO₂ quartz with iron oxides/hydroxides (hematite, goethite) and possible clay or feldspar impurities

Chert (Flint)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) - Cryptocrystalline Quartz

Banded Agate

Chalcedony / Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Garnet in Matrix (likely Almandine Garnet)

Almandine (Fe3Al2(SiO4)3)

Serpentine (Serpentinite)

Serpentine group ((Mg,Fe,Ni,Al,Zn,Mn)3(Si,Fe)2O5(OH)4)

Agate

Agate (Silicon Dioxide, SiO2)

Red Sandstone

Arenite (SiO2 with Fe2O3)

Sedimentary Rock (Limestone or Siltstone pebble)

Sedimentary rock fragment

Quartz Geode Fragment

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Mica Schist

Mica Schist (primarily Muscovite or Biotite sheet silicates)

Possible rough agate/chalcedony nodule

Microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂), likely chalcedony or agate

Conglomeratic breccia

Clast-supported polymictic conglomerate/breccia, cemented by silica- or carbonate-rich matrix

Fluorescent glassy mineral specimen, possibly hyalite opal

Hyalite (hydrated amorphous silica, SiO₂·nH₂O), tentative

Quartz Geode

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Diamond (or Diamond Simulant)

Carbon (C) if diamond, various if simulant (e.g., Cubic Zirconia ZrO2)

Cobalt Blue Sea Glass

Amorphous Silica Glass (SiO2 + CoO)

Granite Pegmatite

Phaneritic Plutonic Igneous Rock

Tumbled Stone Collection (featuring Tiger's Eye, Rose Quartz, and Moss Agate)

Mixed Silicates and Oxides (predominantly SiO2 group minerals)

Possible weathered sandstone or iron-rich sedimentary rock

Indeterminate; likely quartz-rich sandstone with iron-oxide cement

Quartz with Schorl (Black Tourmaline)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Sodium Iron Aluminum Borosilicate (NaFe3Al6(BO3)3Si6O18(OH)4)

Polished tiger iron

Tiger iron: banded quartz–crocidolite/jasper–hematite rock

Pegmatite (Granitic)

Granitic Pegmatite containing Quartz, Feldspar, and Tourmaline (Schorl)