Man Made Mineral Simulant (Glass)

Gem-set gold ring

Gold alloy setting with a colorless faceted gemstone, possibly quartz or glass; the stone cannot be identified reliably from the image

Small metallic-looking mineral/rock fragment

Indeterminate from image; possibly galena, hematite, or metallic slag

Fired Clay Brick (Anthropic Rock substitute)

Anthropogenic polycrystalline ceramic (predominantly Mullite and Quartz: Al6Si2O13 + SiO2)

Goldstone (likely blue-free synthetic goldstone pendant)

Synthetic aventurine glass; silica glass with dispersed metallic copper crystals

Polished, carved gemstone (possibly dyed agate or glass-like material)

Unconfirmed from the image; no specific mineral can be identified reliably

Pearl and Garnet Glass

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) for pearl; Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) for glass

Diamond (or Cut Gemstone Simulants)

Carbon (C)

Tumbled quartzite pebble (likely)

Quartz-rich quartzite; mainly SiO₂

Obsidian

Volcanic Glass (SiO2)

Green glassy slag (often sold as “sea glass” or “green obsidian”)

Industrial vitreous slag; primarily amorphous silicate glass, composition variable

Hematite / Goethite (Iron Ore)

Iron Oxide (Fe2O3 / FeO(OH))

Colorless faceted gemstone, likely cubic zirconia

Cubic zirconia (zirconium dioxide, ZrO₂); visual confirmation is unavailable

Asphalt Pavement (with aggregate)

Asphalt concrete

Diamond (in a gold ring)

Diamond (pure carbon, C)

Goldstone (blue-goldstone–style glass) beads

Artificial aventurine glass, typically silica glass with copper inclusions; not a natural mineral

Red Jasper

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Hematite (Fe2O3)

Pearl

Biogenic CaCO3 (Aragonite and Calcite)

Amethyst crystal fragment

Quartz, silicon dioxide (SiO₂), purple variety colored mainly by iron and irradiation

Blue glassy mineral fragment, possibly sodalite or dyed/cobalt glass

Uncertain; likely sodalite (Na₈Al₆Si₆O₂₄Cl₂) if natural, but vivid blue color may indicate cobalt-colored glass

Precious Coral (Red Coral)

Corallium rubrum (Calcium Carbonate, CaCO3)

Small water-worn pebble, likely granite or granitic rock

Granite (tentative; exact identification is uncertain from the photo)

Dyed howlite or turquoise imitation

Howlite: Ca₂B₅SiO₉(OH)₅; turquoise: CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O

Sea glass (likely green bottle glass)

Human-made soda-lime silicate glass; not a natural mineral or geological rock

Cullet Glass (Strawberry Glass)

Amorphous Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with metallic dopants

Diamond (or Diamond Simulant/Cubic Zirconia)

Carbon (C) - if diamond, or Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) - if Cubic Zirconia

Tanzanite earrings

Tanzanite, blue-violet zoisite (Ca₂Al₃(SiO₄)₃(OH))

Synthetic Resin (Artificial Specimen)

Polyurethane or Polyester Resin

Blue Slag Glass

Ferro-silicate glass (Slag)

Black-and-white agate geode pendant

Agate (microcrystalline quartz, SiO₂), likely a hollow geode slice with chalcedony and drusy quartz

Chert (flint), likely a weathered nodule fragment

Microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂), commonly termed chert or flint

Rounded quartz pebble

Quartz (silicon dioxide, SiO₂)

Polished/tumbled brown-and-white mineral fragment

Indeterminate; possibly quartz-rich jasper, brecciated jasper, or an iron-stained quartz mineral

Yellow Sapphire (Raw)

Corundum (Al2O3)

Polished smoky quartz crystal point

Quartz (SiO₂), likely iron-colored or smoky quartz with milky inclusions

Yellow faceted gemstone, likely citrine or synthetic glass

Citrine (quartz, SiO₂) is the leading natural possibility; visual identification is uncertain from the photograph

Blue opalite (often sold as synthetic opal)

Opalite glass; amorphous hydrated silica if natural opal (SiO₂·nH₂O)

Dark quartz point (possibly smoky quartz)

Quartz, SiO₂; the dark color may indicate smoky quartz, but the image is insufficient to confirm

Diamond (in a jewelry setting)

Diamond (Carbon, C)

Diamond

Diamond (Native Carbon, C)

Quartz Pebble (Beach Chalcedony)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Engraved purple stone cabochon, possibly amethyst

Unconfirmed; if amethyst, quartz (SiO₂)

Sandstone

Arenite (composed primarily of SiO2)