Granite Gneiss
Felsic Gneiss (composed of Quartz, Feldspar, and Biotite)
metamorphic
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Granodiorite
Phaneritic intrusive igneous rock (Granodiorite)
igneous
Chert (Commonly called Jasper or Flint)
Chert (SiO2)
sedimentary
Chert (Chert Nodule)
Microcrystalline quartz (SiO2)
sedimentary
Fluorite
Calcium Fluoride (CaF2)
mineral
Quartz Crystal Cluster in Matrix
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)
mineral
Pegmatite
Igneous Pegmatite
igneous
Quartzite
Quartzite (SiO2)
metamorphic
Ferruginous Sandstone
Clastic Sedimentary Rock (Sandstone with Iron Oxide cement)
sedimentary
Sandstone (likely Ferruginous)
Arenite (SiO2 with iron oxide impurities)
sedimentary
Red Sandstone
Ferruginous Sandstone (SiO2 with Fe2O3)
sedimentary
Scoria (Lava Rock)
Vesicular Basalt / Scoria
igneous
Quartz-rich breccia or vein quartz with dark inclusions
Milky quartz (SiO₂), likely brecciated and cemented with iron oxides and dark mica/amphibole minerals
igneous
Polished labradorite
Labradorite, calcium-rich plagioclase feldspar (approximately Ca0.5–0.7Na0.5–0.3Al1.5–1.7Si2.5–2.3O8)
mineral
Diabase (Dolerite)
Diabase or Dolerite
igneous
Zoisite with Ruby (Anyolite)
Anyolite (Ca2Al3(SiO4)3(OH) + (Hb, Al, Cr)2O3)
metamorphic
Muscovite mica
Muscovite, KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
mineral
Bloodstone
Heliotrope (cryptocrystalline Quartz SiO2 with Hematite inclusions)
mineral
Hag Stone
Perforated Sedimentary Rock (typically Chert or Limestone)
sedimentary
Blue Quartzite (likely dyed)
Silicon dioxide (SiO2) with likely color treatment
metamorphic
Carnelian Agate
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)
mineral
Granite
Phaneritic intrusive felsic igneous rock
igneous
Citrine Quartz
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)
mineral
Gneiss
Gneiss
metamorphic
Red Jasper
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Ferric Iron inclusions
sedimentary
Druzy Quartz on Chalcedony Matrix
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)
mineral
Quartzite
Quartzite (SiO2)
metamorphic
Quartz (Druzy / Goldstone Gemstone Cabochon)
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)
gemstone
Chert (Flint)
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)
sedimentary
Chert (Flint)
Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)
sedimentary
Chert (Jasper variety)
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)
sedimentary
Hag Stone (Piddock bored rock)
Calcareous sedimentary rock featuring Pholadidae borings
sedimentary
Tumbled serpentine
Serpentinite; chiefly antigorite, lizardite, and/or chrysotile serpentine-group minerals
metamorphic
Blue mineral specimen, likely bornite (“peacock ore”)
Bornite, Cu5FeS4, possibly iridescent chalcopyrite (CuFeS2)
mineral
Quartz (Rock Crystal)
Quartz (SiO₂ - Silicon Dioxide)
Mineral
Quartz geode clusters
Microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂), with possible chalcedony and minor iron-oxide staining
mineral
Polished serpentine
Serpentine-group minerals, chiefly lizardite and/or antigorite; approximate formula Mg₃Si₂O₅(OH)₄
metamorphic
Sandstone
Sandstone (lithified sand)
sedimentary
Quartz
Quartz (SiO₂ - Silicon Dioxide)
Mineral
Hematite
Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)
mineral
Limestone
Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)
sedimentary
Iron-rich sandstone or lateritic rock
Ferruginous sandstone; predominantly quartz (SiO₂) cemented or stained by iron oxides/hydroxides
sedimentary