Mineral (Native Element Alloy)

Gold-bearing quartz specimen

Native gold (Au) in quartz, possibly with iron sulfides

Gold-bearing quartz vein in dark host rock

Native gold (Au) with quartz (SiO₂), likely in a mafic or metamorphic host

Amygdaloidal Basalt

Amygdaloidal Basalt (Mafic volcanic rock)

Bentonite Clay

Montmorillonite (Al,Mg)2Si4O10(OH)2·nH2O

Red Jasper

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Iron Oxide inclusions

Red Jasper with Quartz Vein

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Iron Oxide (Fe2O3) inclusions

Bismuth crystal

Bismuth (Bi), artificially crystallized

Likely galena-bearing ore

Galena (lead sulfide, PbS), possibly with quartz or calcite gangue

Obsidian

Obsidian (Volcanic Glass, SiO2 dominated)

Celestine (or Celestite)

Strontium sulfate (SrSO4)

Amygdaloidal Basalt

Amygdaloidal Basalt (Mafic Volcanic Rock)

Copper-oxide ore (malachite-bearing copper ore)

Malachite, Cu₂CO₃(OH)₂, with likely chrysocolla and iron-oxide minerals

Gold-bearing quartz or iron-stained quartzite

Quartz (SiO₂), possibly with native gold and iron oxides

Pyrite-bearing quartz specimen

Pyrite (FeS₂) with quartz (SiO₂), possibly minor chalcopyrite or iron oxides

Malachite-stained copper-bearing rock

Malachite, Cu₂CO₃(OH)₂, likely coating or alteration of copper sulfide/host rock

Iron-rich sulfide-bearing rock, likely pyrite-rich shale or limonite-goethite specimen

Likely pyrite (FeS₂) with oxidation products goethite/limonite (FeO(OH)·nH₂O), possibly in shale or quartz matrix

Turquoise in Matrix

Hydrated copper aluminum phosphate, CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O

South Korean 100 Won Coin (Cupronickel)

Cupronickel Alloy (75% Cu, 25% Ni)

Pink Howlite (Dyed)

Dyed Howlite / Silicoborocalcite (Ca2B5SiO9(OH)5)

N/A - Man-made object (Jewelry Chain)

Antiqued or Oxidized Metal Chain (often Steel or Brass)

Turquoise

Turquoise (CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O)

Turquoise (possibly reconstituted or dyed howlite)

CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O (Hydrated Copper Aluminum Phosphate)

Polished banded agate (likely blue lace agate)

Chalcedony, microcrystalline SiO₂, with iron and other trace-element impurities

Industrial slag (iron/copper smelting slag)

Multiphase vitreous metallurgical slag; commonly iron-silicate glass with metal-oxide and metallic inclusions

Turquoise

Turquoise (Hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminium), CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O

Celestite (Celestine)

Celestine (SrSO4)

Turquoise

Hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminium [CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O]

Metallic sulfide mineral specimen, likely pyrite

Pyrite (FeS₂), possibly a pyrite-rich sulfide aggregate

Fairy Stone (Staurolite Cross)

Staurolite (Fe2Al9O6(SiO4)4(O,OH)2)

Turquoise

CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O

Gold Ore in Quartz

Auriferous Quartz (Au + SiO2)

Diamond

Carbon (C)

Likely raw galena-bearing ore

Galena (PbS), possibly associated with dark sphalerite or matrix minerals

Likely gold-bearing sulfide mineral, possibly chalcopyrite

Chalcopyrite (CuFeS₂), tentative identification

Red Jasper

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Hematite impurities

Sandstone Concretion

Moqui Marble (Iron-oxide concretion)

Petrified wood

Silicified wood; commonly quartz/chalcedony (SiO₂) replacing organic tissue

Diamond

C (Pure Carbon)

Weathered quartz-rich rock, possibly gold-bearing quartz

Milky quartz with iron-oxide staining; exact host rock is uncertain from the image

Malachite-rich copper ore

Malachite, Cu₂CO₃(OH)₂, likely with chrysocolla and oxidized copper minerals

Pyrite-bearing quartz vein fragment

Quartz (SiO₂) with pyrite (FeS₂), possibly minor chalcopyrite

Red Jasper

Silicon dioxide (SiO2) with Iron inclusions