Mineral Simulant (Synthetic Glass)

Ruby

Corundum (Al2O3 with Chromium traces)

Corundum (variety Ruby/Sapphire)

Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3)

Diamond

Carbon (C)

Turquoise cabochon pendant

Turquoise, hydrated copper aluminum phosphate — CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O

Painted River Rock

Artificially Coated Sedimentary Rock

Ametrine

SiO2 (Silicon Dioxide with iron impurities)

Painted Rock

Rock coated with synthetic acrylic paint

Dyed Quartzite

Metamorphosed Quartz (SiO2) with synthetic pigment

Synthetic Resin / Plastic Figurine

Synthetic Polymer (Copolymer of Polyethylene or Resin)

Emerald

Beryl (Be3Al2(SiO3)6) with trace Chromium/Vanadium

Blue sapphire (rough corundum)

Corundum, Al₂O₃; blue color commonly from trace iron and titanium

Emerald-and-diamond ring

Emerald: beryl, Be₃Al₂(SiO₃)₆, colored by chromium and/or vanadium; surrounding stones appear to be diamonds: carbon

Lapis Lazuli

Lazurite-dominated metamorphic rock ((Na,Ca)8(AlSiO4)6(SO4,S,Cl)2)

Build-A-Bear Plush (Non-Geological)

Polyester fibers (C10H8O4)n and Synthetic Polymers

Synthetic opal cabochon/bead

Opal-like hydrated amorphous silica; likely lab-created polymer–silica opal or Gilson synthetic opal (SiO₂·nH₂O)

Opal

Hydrated Amorphous Silica (SiO2·nH2O)

Hematite bead bracelet

Hematite (iron(III) oxide, Fe₂O₃), likely polished specular hematite

Man-made Green Quartz (Lab-grown or Treated)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with artificial coloration

Tumbled turquoise-like stone

Likely turquoise, hydrated copper aluminum phosphate: CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O

Chalcanthite

Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4·5H2O)

Blue-green gemstone ring, likely treated turquoise or synthetic/treated beryl

Indeterminate from image; possibilities include turquoise (CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O), apatite, or treated beryl

Tumbled dalmatian jasper (likely)

Microcrystalline quartz/chalcedony with black amphibole or aegirine inclusions; commonly sold as “dalmatian jasper”

Faceted red gemstone, likely ruby

Corundum (Al₂O₃), colored red by chromium; identity cannot be confirmed from the image alone

Oil Shale

Kerogen-rich marlstone

Blue gemstone ring, likely synthetic or natural blue topaz

Topaz, Al₂SiO₄(F,OH)₂ (visual identification uncertain)

Diamond

Diamond (C)

Opal

Hydrated amorphous form of silica (SiO2·nH2O)

Clear faceted gemstone in a gold-colored setting

Likely colorless quartz (rock crystal) or synthetic cubic zirconia; visual identification is inconclusive

Hematite

Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)

Smoky Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Ruby

Corundum (Al2O3 with Chromium trace elements)

Fursuit (Synthetic Fur Specimen)

Canis anthropomorphus syntheticus

Ruby cabochons

Corundum, aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃), colored red by chiefly chromium

Blue gemstone ring (likely sapphire)

Likely corundum, Al₂O₃; the dark, reflective appearance may also indicate a treated or synthetic stone.

Lapis Lazuli (Tumbled Stone)

Na6Ca2(Al6Si6O24)(SO4,S,Cl)2 (predominantly Lazurite)

Blue Dyed Agate

Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Botryoidal hematite (specular hematite)

Hematite, Fe₂O₃

Red tourmaline (rubellite), faceted gemstone

Elbaite, a lithium-bearing tourmaline; Na(Li₁.₅Al₁.₅)Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)

Unidentified polished dark gemstone cabochon

Possibly hematite, obsidian, jet, or dark agate; image insufficient for a definitive identification

Note: The image provided is a fabric sock, not a geological specimen.

Polyester-Cotton Blend with Elastane

Cubic Zirconia

Zirconium Dioxide (ZrO2)

Goldstone (Red)

Aventurine Glass (Cupriferous glass)