Mineral Simulant (Synthetic Glass)

Ruby ring (likely synthetic ruby)

Corundum, Al₂O₃; red color from chromium. The image alone cannot establish whether the stone is natural or lab-grown.

Smoky Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Sodium Polyacrylate (Superabsorbent Polymer)

Sodium Polyacrylate [-CH2-CH(COONa)-]n

Faceted yellow-brown gemstone earring

Likely citrine (quartz, SiO₂), though treated quartz or synthetic glass cannot be confirmed from the image

Blue faceted gemstones, likely blue sapphire

Corundum (Al₂O₃), blue varieties colored chiefly by iron and titanium

White cabochon gemstone, likely agate or chalcedony

Cryptocrystalline quartz (SiO₂), probably chalcedony/agate; exact identification is uncertain from the overexposed image

Faceted gemstone ring, likely smoky quartz or garnet in a metal setting

Not determinable from the photograph; possible quartz (SiO₂) or garnet-group silicate

Lapis Lazuli

Lapis lazuli (Rock composed primarily of Lazurite (Na,Ca)8(AlSiO4)6(S,Cl,SO4,OH)2, Calcite, and Pyrite)

Diamond

Native Carbon (C)

Cultured Marble (Synthetic)

Polymer-matrix composite (typically calcium carbonate in polyester resin)

Polished green-and-black banded cabochon (likely malachite imitation or dyed agate)

Uncertain; possible malachite (Cu₂CO₃(OH)₂), banded agate (SiO₂), or man-made glass

Jade (Nephrite or Jadeite)

Nephrite: Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2 (amphibole mineral); Jadeite: NaAlSi2O6 (pyroxene mineral)

Red corundum gemstone (likely synthetic ruby)

Ruby: corundum, aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃), chromium-colored; likely lab-grown material

Orange cabochon gemstone, likely amber or amber-like resin

Natural amber: fossilized plant resin (organic mineraloid), commonly succinite; exact identification requires testing

Blue Topaz (specifically London Blue or Swiss Blue based on color saturation)

Al2SiO4(F,OH)2 (Aluminum Silicate Fluoride Hydroxide)

Rough Emerald (Beryl)

Emerald (Be3Al2(SiO3)6 with Cr/V impurities)

Quartzite (Engineered Stone)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) based synthetic composite

Cut red gemstone in a gold ring

Likely ruby (corundum, Al₂O₃), though red spinel or garnet is also possible from the image

Dyed Purple Agate Sliced Tablet

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2), variety Chalcedony

Lapis Lazuli

Lapis Lazuli (a rock composed primarily of Lazurite, Sodalite, Calcite, and Pyrite)

Chalcanthite (Likely Synthetic/Lab-Grown)

Hydrated copper(II) sulfate (CuSO4·5H2O)

Synthetic Zinc/Polycarbonate Composite (Bey-specimen)

Zinc Alloy (Zamak 3) with Polycarbonate (C15H16O2)n Overlay

Diamond ring

Diamond, crystalline carbon (C), likely colorless or near-colorless brilliant-cut stones set in gold

Ruby

Corundum (Al2O3)

Coal (Anthracite/Bituminous)

Carbo fossilium (primarily Carbon)

Dyed Agate

Agate (Cryptocrystalline Quartz), SiO2

Diamond (Baguette cut)

Carbon (C)

Aquamarine in Onyx / Blue Topaz Pendant

Beryl (Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈) or Topaz (Al₂SiO₄(F,OH)₂)

Blue glassy cabochon, likely blue quartz or synthetic glass

Possibly dyed blue chalcedony/quartz (SiO₂); visual identification is inconclusive

Mixed gemstone specimens

Likely pink sapphire or tourmaline, red garnet, blue sapphire, precious opal, and green tourmaline/emerald; exact identities cannot be confirmed from the collage

Tumbled amber

Amber (fossilized plant resin; predominantly polymerized diterpenoid resin)

Diamond (faceted)

Diamond (Pure Carbon, C)

Faceted yellow gemstone ring

Likely yellow sapphire (corundum), but exact identification requires testing; alternatives include citrine, chrysoberyl, or treated diamond.

Painted River Rock

Anthropogenic-modified Siliciclastic Sedimentary Rock

Clear Quartz (Faceted) / White Sapphire / Goshenite

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) / Aluminium Oxide (Al2O3)

Emerald

Beryl (Be3Al2Si6O18), specifically the green variety colored by chromium or vanadium

Ruby

Corundum (Al2O3 with Chromium traces)

Pearl-embellished decorative cross

Pearl (biogenic calcium carbonate, predominantly aragonite) with rhinestone-mounted glass or synthetic gemstones

Moonstone ring

Moonstone, a feldspar variety (typically orthoclase or adularia; KAlSi₃O₈)

Red gemstone ring, likely synthetic ruby or garnet

Ruby: corundum (Al₂O₃); possible alternative: almandine garnet (Fe₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃)

Moonstone

Adularia or Orthoclase (KAlSi3O8) or Albite (NaAlSi3O8), specifically with lamellar exsolution of albite and orthoclase.

Cubic Zirconia (Jewelry Setting)

Cubic Zirconia (ZrO2)