Mineral Simulant (Synthetic Glass)

Dyed Agate

Agate (Cryptocrystalline Quartz), SiO2

Diamond (Baguette cut)

Carbon (C)

Aquamarine in Onyx / Blue Topaz Pendant

Beryl (Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈) or Topaz (Al₂SiO₄(F,OH)₂)

Mixed gemstone specimens

Likely pink sapphire or tourmaline, red garnet, blue sapphire, precious opal, and green tourmaline/emerald; exact identities cannot be confirmed from the collage

Painted River Rock

Anthropogenic-modified Siliciclastic Sedimentary Rock

Moonstone

Adularia or Orthoclase (KAlSi3O8) or Albite (NaAlSi3O8), specifically with lamellar exsolution of albite and orthoclase.

Diamond (faceted)

Diamond (Pure Carbon, C)

Clear Quartz (Faceted) / White Sapphire / Goshenite

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) / Aluminium Oxide (Al2O3)

Emerald (green gemstone in a jewelry setting)

Beryl, Be₃Al₂(SiO₃)₆; green color commonly from chromium and/or vanadium

Moonstone ring

Moonstone, a feldspar variety (typically orthoclase or adularia; KAlSi₃O₈)

Tumbled amber

Amber (fossilized plant resin; predominantly polymerized diterpenoid resin)

Cullet Glass (Strawberry Glass)

Amorphous Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with metallic dopants

Red gemstone ring, likely synthetic ruby or garnet

Ruby: corundum (Al₂O₃); possible alternative: almandine garnet (Fe₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃)

Ruby

Corundum (Al2O3 with Chromium traces)

Opal stud earrings

Opal, hydrated amorphous silica (SiO₂·nH₂O)

Orange Sapphire

Corundum (Al2O3)

Cubic Zirconia (Jewelry Setting)

Cubic Zirconia (ZrO2)

Cubic Zirconia (Faceted Gemstone)

Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2)

Ruby (faceted gemstone)

Corundum (Al2O3 with Cr impurities)

Amethyst

Amethyst (SiO2 - Silicon Dioxide with iron impurities)

Amazonite

KAlSi3O8 (Potassium Feldspar, variety of Microcline)

Rough Diamond (Uncut Diamond)

Native Carbon (C)

Black Tourmaline (Schorl)

Schorl (Na(Fe²⁺)₃Al₆(BO₃)₃Si₆O₁₈(OH)₄)

Diamond

C (Native Carbon)

Cubic Zirconia (CZ)

Cubic Zirconium Dioxide (ZrO2)

Diamond

Diamond (C)

Inlaid turquoise and red-stone earrings

Likely turquoise (CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O) with an unidentified red inlay; the image does not establish the materials

Bituminous Coal

Organic-rich sedimentary rock (Complex hydrocarbons)

Amber

Succinite (specifically for Baltic amber; general formula C10H16O)

Gemstone butterfly brooch/pendant

Likely faceted pink tourmaline or synthetic spinel in gilt metal; exact identification requires testing

White Opal

Hydrated Amorphous Silica (SiO2·nH2O)

Blue topaz pendant

Topaz (Al₂SiO₄(F,OH)₂), likely treated blue topaz

Lapis Lazuli

Lapis Lazuli (a rock composed primarily of Lazurite (Na,Ca)₈[(S,Cl,SO₄,OH)₂|(Al₆Si₆O₂₄)], with varying amounts of Calcite, Pyrite, and Sodalite.)

Moonstone

Orthoclase Feldspar (KAlSi3O8)

Turquoise

Hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminium [CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O]

Aquamarine

Beryl (Be3Al2Si6O18), specifically the blue-green variety

Faceted red gemstone, likely garnet

Garnet group; probably almandine-pyrope solid solution, (Fe,Mg)₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃

Cut colorless gemstone, likely quartz or glass imitation

Most plausibly rock crystal (clear quartz, SiO₂); synthetic glass cannot be ruled out from the image

Diamond ring (center stone appears to be a diamond)

Diamond, crystalline carbon (C); the setting is gold-colored metal

Slag Glass (Cullet)

Amorphous Silica (man-made), primarily SiO2 with trace metal oxides

Likely diamond accent

Diamond (crystalline carbon, C)

Blue opal heart cabochon

Common opal, hydrated amorphous silica (SiO₂·nH₂O), likely blue-dyed or synthetic opalite