Mineralogical Simulant

Weathered granite or granitic gneiss

Granite; chiefly quartz, feldspar, and mica/amphibole

Likely basalt (possibly iron-rich volcanic rock)

Basalt; predominantly plagioclase feldspar, pyroxene, and commonly olivine or iron oxides

Sandstone masonry blocks

Clastic sandstone, primarily quartz (SiO₂) with feldspar and lithic grains

Likely graphite-rich schist

Graphitic schist; chiefly graphite and quartz/mica

Porphyritic polymictic breccia (likely volcanic breccia)

Volcanic breccia; probable polymictic andesite–dacite breccia with quartz/feldspar clasts

Iron-stained metamorphic rock, likely quartzite or jasper

Quartz-rich rock dominated by SiO₂, with iron oxides/hydroxides (hematite, goethite) and possible clay or mica

Chert (Green River Chert)

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Diamond-drill core, likely dark mafic volcanic rock

Unidentified fine-grained mafic igneous core; exact lithology cannot be determined from the photograph

Diamond (appearing in jewelry)

Diamond (pure Carbon, C)

Brown agate or chalcedony cabochon pendant

Microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂), likely brown chalcedony/agate

Serpentine (Serpentinite)

Serpentinite / Antigorite-Lizardite group (Mg,Fe)3Si2O5(OH)4

Faceted blue gemstone ring, likely synthetic spinel or glass; identity uncertain

Possibly synthetic blue spinel (MgAl₂O₄) or laboratory sapphire (Al₂O₃); the clear side stones may be cubic zirconia or glass

Sapphire

Corundum (Al2O3)

Diamond (in jewelry)

Carbon (C)

Granite-like rock

Felsic intrusive igneous rock, probably granitic or granodioritic

Mica Schist (with Golden/Biotite inclusions)

K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(F,OH)2 (Biotite), KAl2(AlSi3O10)(F,OH)2 (Muscovite)

Schist

Schist (various mineralogical compositions including mica, chlorite, talc, etc.)

Dark slate or fine-grained metamorphic rock

Slate; chiefly fine-grained phyllosilicates, quartz, and feldspar

Dark mafic rock, likely basalt with iron-oxide veining

Basalt; predominantly plagioclase and pyroxene, possibly olivine, with hematite/goethite staining

Weathered sandstone or siltstone

Clastic sedimentary rock, chiefly quartz and feldspar grains cemented by silica, iron oxides, or carbonate

Dyed Pink Quartzite (Jadeite Simulant)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with organic dye

Dark metamorphic rock, likely biotite schist or hornblende-bearing gneiss

Probable mica schist/amphibolite; composition may include biotite, amphibole, quartz, feldspar, and iron oxides

Tumbled quartz-rich pebble

Quartz (SiO₂), possibly iron-stained milky quartz or quartzite

Gold-bearing pyrite-rich rock (iron pyrite)

Pyrite, FeS₂, likely in a quartz- or sulfide-rich matrix

Weathered quartz-rich rock, likely quartzite or milky-quartz vein material

Quartzite (dominantly SiO₂), possibly quartz-vein breccia with iron-oxide staining

Iron-stained quartz-rich rock, likely pegmatite or quartz vein fragment

Quartz (SiO₂) with feldspar, mica, and iron-oxide/hydroxide staining; possibly weathered granite pegmatite

Greenstone (likely altered basalt or greenschist)

Greenschist-facies mafic rock; commonly chlorite–actinolite–albite ± epidote, or chlorite-altered basalt

Small rounded pebble, likely limestone or quartz-rich sedimentary fragment

Indeterminate lithic clast; probable micritic limestone (CaCO₃) or weathered quartz-rich stone

Weathered mineralized rock fragment

Indeterminate; likely quartz–feldspar-rich lithic material with iron-oxide staining

Weathered quartz-rich rock, possibly granite or quartzite

Indeterminate; likely quartz–feldspar aggregate, potentially granitic or quartzitic material

Iron-rich weathered stone, possibly hematite-rich ironstone

Hematite/goethite-bearing ironstone; predominantly Fe₂O₃ and FeO(OH)

Rhodonite-bearing metamorphic rock

Manganese-rich metamorphic rock, chiefly rhodonite (MnSiO₃), with quartz and manganese oxides

Weathered granite pebble

Granite, chiefly quartz (SiO₂), feldspar, and mica/amphibole

Tumbled serpentinite (likely)

Serpentinite; chiefly antigorite/lizardite/chrysotile, Mg3Si2O5(OH)4, with accessory magnetite and possibly chromite

Weathered iron-rich rock, possibly basalt or ironstone

Indeterminate; likely Fe-oxide-bearing basaltic rock (commonly magnetite/hematite in a silicate matrix)

Polished orbicular granite (likely K2-type granite)

Granite, chiefly quartz, alkali feldspar, plagioclase, and dark amphibole/biotite; possible epidote-rich orbicules

Diamond (or high-quality simulant like Cubic Zirconia)

Carbon (C) - Native Element

Red gemstone ring, likely synthetic ruby or red spinel

Ruby: corundum (Al₂O₃); spinel: MgAl₂O₄; exact identity requires testing

Onyx (Calcite Onyx / Mexican Onyx)

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Likely polished leopard-skin jasper or brecciated jasper

Jasper, an opaque microcrystalline variety of quartz (SiO₂), with iron-oxide and other mineral inclusions; exact variety cannot be confirmed from the image alone

Dendritic Agate (or Dendritic Opal)

SiO2 (for Agate), SiO2·nH2O (for Opal)

Drill Core Sample

Cylindrical Rock Core (Specific mineralogy varies by extraction site)