Mineraloid (Synthetic)

Mahogany Obsidian

Volcanic glass (SiO2 with Hematite or Magnetite inclusions)

Limonite (Iron Ore)

FeO(OH)·nH2O (Hydrated iron(III) oxide-hydroxide)

Snowflake Obsidian

Volcanic glass with Cristobalite inclusions (mostly SiO2)

Diamond or Cubic Zirconia

Carbon (diamond) or Zirconium dioxide (cubic zirconia)

Blue gemstone ring (likely sapphire)

Likely corundum, Al₂O₃; the dark, reflective appearance may also indicate a treated or synthetic stone.

Likely weathered pebble or mineral fragment

Indeterminate; possibly quartz-rich stone, iron-stained feldspar, or a small chert fragment

Tumbled blue-green stone, possibly aquamarine or chalcedony

Indeterminate from image; possibilities include beryl (Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈) or cryptocrystalline quartz (SiO₂)

Cubic Zirconia

Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2)

Lapis Lazuli (Tumbled Stone)

Na6Ca2(Al6Si6O24)(SO4,S,Cl)2 (predominantly Lazurite)

Silicon Carbide (Carborundum)

Silicon Carbide (SiC)

Diamond (or Cubic Zirconia simulant)

C (Carbon) or ZrO2 (Zirconium Dioxide)

Opalite

Opalescent Glass (SiO2 + coloring agents)

Obsidian

Obsidian

Red tourmaline (rubellite), faceted gemstone

Elbaite, a lithium-bearing tourmaline; Na(Li₁.₅Al₁.₅)Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)

Mounted clear gemstone, likely cubic zirconia

Cubic zirconia (zirconium dioxide, ZrO₂), synthetic; exact stone cannot be confirmed from the image

Blue Sapphire

Corundum (Al2O3)

Red faceted gemstone, possibly ruby

Corundum (Al₂O₃), if ruby; image alone cannot confirm identity or natural origin

Colorless faceted gemstones, likely quartz (rock crystal)

Quartz, silicon dioxide (SiO₂), trigonal crystal system

Blue-violet faceted gemstone, likely amethyst

Quartz (SiO₂), purple variety colored mainly by iron impurities and irradiation

Black onyx or black obsidian bead bracelet

Likely chalcedony (microcrystalline quartz, SiO₂) if onyx; alternatively volcanic glass (obsidian)

Unidentified polished dark gemstone cabochon

Possibly hematite, obsidian, jet, or dark agate; image insufficient for a definitive identification

Dyed Agate Slice

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with artificial dyes

Man-made Ceramic / Clay Figurine

Aluminosilicate Ceramic (Processed Clay)

Diamond (or Cubic Zirconia)

Crystallized Carbon (C) for Diamond; Zirconium Dioxide (ZrO2) for CZ

Note: The image provided is a fabric sock, not a geological specimen.

Polyester-Cotton Blend with Elastane

Blue faceted gemstone, likely synthetic spinel or sapphire

Undetermined from image; possible synthetic corundum (Al₂O₃) or spinel (MgAl₂O₄)

Blue-stone and diamond ring

Blue stone is possibly blue sapphire (corundum, Al₂O₃); surrounding stones appear to be diamonds (carbon, C).

Faceted transparent gemstone, likely glass or cubic zirconia

Uncertain from image; possible cubic zirconia (zirconium dioxide, ZrO₂) or glass imitation

Red/pink faceted gemstone, likely synthetic ruby or red glass

Corundum (Al₂O₃) if ruby; identity cannot be confirmed visually

Clear faceted gemstone, likely synthetic cubic zirconia

Cubic zirconia (zirconium dioxide, ZrO₂); visual identification is not definitive and diamond or synthetic moissanite are alternatives

Obsidian

Volcanic Glass

Polished black obsidian

Volcanic glass; primarily silica-rich rhyolitic glass (approximately 70–80% SiO₂)

Polished black obsidian

Volcanic glass; primarily silica-rich rhyolitic composition (approximately 70–80% SiO₂)

Black obsidian

Volcanic glass; predominantly rhyolitic silica-rich melt (approximately 70–80% SiO₂), lacking crystalline structure

Obsidian (likely snowflake-free black variety)

Volcanic glass; primarily SiO₂-rich rhyolitic composition

Mahogany Obsidian

Volcanic Glass with Hematite/Magnetite inclusions

Black Obsidian

Obsidian (Volcanic Glass, ~70% SiO2)

Obsidian

Volcanic Glass (SiO2)

Snowflake Obsidian (Flower Jasper variant)

Vitreous volcanic silicate with cristobalite inclusions

Mahogany Obsidian

Volcanic Glass (Silicate: SiO2 + Fe2O3)

Obsidian

Volcanic Glass (SiO2 rich)

Limonite (with Pyrite)

Limonite (Hydrated Iron Oxide) - FeO(OH)·nH2O