Mineraloid (Synthetic)

Blue chalcedony cabochon (probable)

Chalcedony, cryptocrystalline quartz; silicon dioxide (SiO₂)

Lapis Lazuli

Lapis Lazuli (a rock composed primarily of Lazurite (Na,Ca)₈[(S,Cl,SO₄,OH)₂|(Al₆Si₆O₂₄)], with varying amounts of Calcite, Pyrite, and Sodalite.)

Opal

Hydrous silicon dioxide (SiO2·nH2O)

Sapphire (likely blue synthetic sapphire or blue glass in a ring)

Corundum (Al₂O₃), specifically the blue variety due to trace amounts of iron and titanium impurities. If synthetic, it would still be Al₂O₃.

Polished blue chalcedony or glass-like quartz specimen

Chalcedony (microcrystalline SiO₂), possibly treated or synthetic; exact identification requires testing

Colorless faceted gemstone (most likely synthetic cubic zirconia)

Cubic zirconia, ZrO₂ (likely synthetic); natural alternatives include quartz or diamond

Goldstone (aventurine glass)

Synthetic copper-bearing soda-lime glass; commonly sold as red goldstone

Probable amber fragment

Amber (fossilized plant resin; chiefly amorphous organic resin, commonly dominated by succinite)

Diamond (appearing as a jewelry centerpiece)

Diamond (Formula: C)

Mineral (synthetic) and Metal (precious/base)

Jewelry Chain with Blue and Clear Gemstones (Likely Cubic Zirconia)

Cubic Zirconia (ZrO₂), Silver or White Gold/Platinum Alloy

Strawberry Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with inclusions of Goethite or Hematite

Diamond

Carbon (C)

Sapphire

Corundum (Al2O3)

Black Tourmaline

Schorl (Na(Fe²⁺)₃Al₆(BO₃)₃Si₆O₁₈(OH)₄)

Pearl-embellished decorative cross

Pearl (biogenic calcium carbonate, predominantly aragonite) with rhinestone-mounted glass or synthetic gemstones

Organic Gem Material (Botanical)

Wood Beads (Palmwood/Ebony)

Various species for wood, but often refers to woods like Palmwood (e.g., Borassus flabellifer) or Ebony (Diospyros spp.) for their distinctive grain and hardness.

Bismuth

Bismuth (Bi)

Rutilated Quartz

SiO2 with TiO2 inclusions (Rutile)

Black Tourmaline

Schorl (Na(Fe²⁺)₃Al₆(OH)₄(BO₃)₃Si₆O₁₈)

Polished amber

Amber (fossilized plant resin), commonly succinite; organic mineraloid rather than a true mineral

Aquamarine

Aquamarine (Beryl variety); Be3Al2Si6O18

Moonstone

Adularia or Orthoclase (KAlSi3O8) or Albite (NaAlSi3O8), specifically with lamellar exsolution of albite and orthoclase.

Crystal Quartz Beads (likely Clear Quartz)

Quartz (SiO₂)

Azurite-Malachite (often a mixed specimen)

Azurite: Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2; Malachite: Cu2(CO3)(OH)2. The specimen appears to be a natural mixture or intergrowth of these two minerals.

Amazonite

KAlSi3O8 (Potassium Feldspar, variety of Microcline)

Blue Tiger's Eye

Riebeckite (crocidolite variety)

Diamond (Rough)

Diamond (Carbon, C)

Ruby

Corundum (mineral species), variety: Ruby (Al2O3 with Cr3+ as the chromophore)

Moonstone (bead form)

Potassium Aluminum Silicate (KAlSi3O8) - a variety of Orthoclase Feldspar