Organic (Geological Relative)

Chrysocolla-bearing quartz (likely chrysocolla in quartz)

Chrysocolla, hydrated copper aluminosilicate: approximately (Cu,Al)₂H₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄·nH₂O, intergrown with quartz (SiO₂)

Tumbled turquoise

Turquoise, hydrated copper aluminum phosphate — CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O

White calcite specimen

Calcite (calcium carbonate, CaCO₃)

Turquoise

Turquoise — hydrated copper aluminum phosphate, CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O

Blue-green copper mineral specimen, likely chrysocolla-bearing rock

Chrysocolla, hydrated copper phyllosilicate: approximately (Cu,Al)₂H₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄·nH₂O; possibly mixed with malachite or chrysocolla matrix

Ironstone Concretion

Siderite or Hematite-bonded Concretion

Greenstone

Greenschist (primarily composed of chlorite, actinolite, and epidote)

Basalt (Vesicular)

Extrusive Igneous Rock

Pyrite

Iron Disulfide (FeS2)

Pyrite

Iron Sulfide (FeS2)

Blue Apatite

Apatite group (Ca5(PO4)3(F,Cl,OH))

Pyrite

Iron Sulfide (FeS2)

Blue Apatite

Fluorapatite / Chlorapatite [Ca5(PO4)3(F,Cl,OH)]

Limitation Concretion

Ironstone Concretion (Goethite/Limonite)

Polished fossiliferous limestone, possibly coral or shell fossil

Calcite-rich limestone (CaCO₃), with probable fossilized skeletal structures

Basalt

Extrusive Igneous Rock

Fluorite

Calcium Fluoride (CaF2)

Freshwater Pearl

Aragonite / Biogenic Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Fluorite

Calcium Fluoride (CaF2)

Blue slag-like mineral specimen, possibly bornite or chalcopyrite

Tentatively bornite (Cu5FeS4) or iridescent chalcopyrite (CuFeS2)

Ironstone Nodules / Siderite Concretion

Siderite (FeCO3) / Ferruginous Septarian Concretion

Vesicular basalt (likely weathered scoria)

Basalt; predominantly plagioclase, pyroxene, and commonly olivine, with abundant vesicles

Quartz Geode

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Turquoise-style beaded bracelet

Turquoise, hydrated copper–aluminum phosphate: CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O; possibly dyed or composite beads

Fluorite

Calcium Fluoride (CaF2)

Gold Nugget

Native Gold (Au)

Blue-green copper mineral specimen, likely chrysocolla-bearing rock

Chrysocolla, hydrated copper silicate: approximately (Cu,Al)₂H₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄·nH₂O; possibly mixed with quartz or turquoise

Likely chrysocolla-bearing rock (blue-green copper mineral)

Chrysocolla, Cu₂H₂O₅Si (often mixed with malachite, quartz, or iron oxides)

Chrysocolla-bearing copper mineral specimen

Chrysocolla, hydrated copper aluminosilicate (approximately (Cu,Al)₂H₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄·nH₂O), possibly mixed with malachite

Blue-green turquoise-bearing rock

Turquoise, hydrated copper–aluminum phosphate: CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O

Blue calcite (likely, with possible aragonite)

Calcite, CaCO₃

Yellow calcite (likely honey/yellow calcite)

Calcite, calcium carbonate (CaCO₃)

Tumbled jasper or chert

Microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂), likely iron-stained jasper/chalcedony

Raw green calcite (likely)

Calcite, calcium carbonate (CaCO₃)

Vesicular basalt

Basalt; fine-grained mafic volcanic rock, chiefly plagioclase, pyroxene, and commonly olivine

Tumbled howlite

Howlite, Ca₂B₅SiO₉(OH)₅

Malachite-bearing copper ore

Malachite, Cu₂CO₃(OH)₂, likely with chrysocolla and limonite/matrix minerals

Tumbled turquoise (likely matrix-bearing)

Turquoise, hydrated copper aluminum phosphate: CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O

Likely banded obsidian or dark volcanic glass

Obsidian, predominantly rhyolitic volcanic glass (SiO₂-rich), possibly with devitrified bands and phenocrysts

Dyed blue howlite or magnesite (tumbled stone)

Howlite: Ca₂B₅SiO₉(OH)₅; commonly sold dyed blue to imitate turquoise

Weathered iron-rich rock, likely limonite/goethite-bearing laterite

Limonite–goethite aggregate, commonly approximated as hydrated iron oxides (FeO(OH)·nH₂O)

Likely coal (possibly anthracite)

Coal, composed chiefly of carbon-rich organic matter; rank cannot be confirmed from the photograph