Organic (Geological Relative)

Basalt

Aphanitic mafic volcanic rock (primarily plagioclase feldspar and pyroxene)

Basalt

Extrusive Igneous Rock

Basalt with Calcite Veins

Basalt (containing CaCO3 inclusions)

Basalt

Extrusive Igneous Rock (Mafic)

Serpentine, likely a variety of Chrysoprase (green chalcedony) or a similar translucent green mineral.

Serpentine Group Minerals (e.g., Antigorite, Lizardite) or Chalcedony (SiO2) with nickel impurities for Chrysoprase green.

Quartz-veined Limestone

Sedimentary limestone with quartz/calcite veinlets

Vesicular Basalt

Vesicular Basalt

Serpentine (likely antigorite-rich serpentinite fragment)

Serpentine-group minerals, chiefly Mg₃Si₂O₅(OH)₄

Botryoidal malachite-bearing copper ore

Malachite, Cu₂CO₃(OH)₂, possibly with chrysocolla and copper-oxide matrix

Iron-rich botryoidal limonite/goethite specimen

Limonite (amorphous hydrated iron oxides, chiefly goethite, α-FeO(OH))

Peridotite

Ultramafic intrusive igneous rock

Basalt

Basalt (Aphanitic Mafic Igneous)

Orbicular granite (likely Rapakivi-type granite)

Granite, chiefly quartz, alkali feldspar, plagioclase, and biotite/hornblende

Pumice

Vesicular Rhyolite or Andesite (Amorphous volcanic glass)

Basalt

Extrusive mafic igneous rock

Chert Pebble

Chert (SiO2)

Ammonite Fossil

Ammonoidea (subclass)

Basalt

Basalt (containing mainly Plagioclase feldspar and Pyroxene)

Chert (Flint)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Basalt

Extrusive Igneous Rock

Chrysocolla-bearing copper ore

Chrysocolla (hydrated copper aluminosilicate), likely mixed with malachite, limonite, and quartz

Tumbled malachite

Malachite, Cu₂CO₃(OH)₂

Polished bloodstone (heliotrope), likely

Microcrystalline quartz (chalcedony), SiO₂, with iron-oxide inclusions

Weathered iron-rich rock, possibly limonite/goethite-bearing breccia

Hydrated iron oxides/hydroxides, mainly limonite (mixture) and goethite, FeO(OH)·nH₂O

Natural turquoise

Turquoise — hydrated copper aluminum phosphate, CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O

Weathered iron-rich rock, possibly laterite or limonite-bearing quartzite

Limonite/goethite mixture, commonly FeO(OH)·nH₂O, with possible quartz and iron oxides

Polished malachite

Malachite, Cu₂CO₃(OH)₂

Polished copper-bearing rock, likely cuprite-rich copper ore

Cuprite (Cu₂O) with native copper and iron-oxide matrix, probable

Tumbled turquoise-like stone

Likely turquoise, hydrated copper aluminum phosphate: CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O

Bog Iron / Limonite Concretion

Goethite/Limonite mixture (FeO(OH)·nH2O)

Ironstone Concretion / Goethite Nodules

Ironstone (composed primarily of Goethite FeO(OH) and Limonite)

Chert

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Chert (Jasper variation)

Chert (Microcrystalline Silicon Dioxide, SiO2)

Vesicular basalt pebble with pale mineral infill

Basalt, likely amygdaloidal basalt; vesicles may contain calcite, zeolite, or silica

Limestone with Calcite Veins

Calcite-veined Argillaceous Limestone

Fossil oyster shell

Oyster bivalve shell, likely Ostrea or Crassostrea sp.; chiefly calcite (CaCO₃)

Polished blue copper mineral, likely chrysocolla or dyed howlite

Chrysocolla: hydrated copper phyllosilicate, approximately (Cu,Al)₂H₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄·nH₂O; visual identification is uncertain from the image

Botryoidal chrysocolla-rich copper ore

Chrysocolla, hydrated copper phyllosilicate (approximately (Cu,Al)₂H₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄·nH₂O), likely with malachite and quartz/gangue

Quartz-rich feldspathic rock, possibly granite or pegmatite

Granite/pegmatite; primarily quartz (SiO₂) and feldspar, with possible mica

Tumbled turquoise

Turquoise — hydrated copper aluminum phosphate, CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O

Tumbled orange agate or carnelian

Microcrystalline quartz (chalcedony), SiO₂; orange coloration commonly from iron oxides

Likely limonite/goethite-rich ironstone

Limonite (amorphous hydrated iron oxides), commonly mixed with goethite, hematite, and host rock