Organic Gem Material (Botanical)

Carnelian pendant

Carnelian, orange chalcedony (microcrystalline quartz, SiO₂)

Red coral cabochon (likely dyed or reconstructed coral)

Corallium rubrum or other calcareous coral; chiefly aragonite (CaCO₃)

Polished tiger’s-eye

Quartz variety, SiO₂, with crocidolite-derived iron inclusions

Quartzite pebble

Quartzite, composed predominantly of recrystallized quartz (SiO₂)

Rounded pebble, likely quartz-rich river stone

Indeterminate; possibly quartzite, chert, or a weathered quartz-feldspar rock

Rounded dark river stone

Likely basalt or fine-grained andesite; exact identification requires testing

Rounded gray metamorphic pebble, likely quartzite or gneiss

Quartzite (quartz-rich rock) or fine-grained gneiss; exact identification requires testing

Raw emerald-bearing beryl (probable)

Beryl, Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈; green color from trace chromium and/or vanadium

Tumbled lavender quartz (likely lepidolite-bearing quartz or dyed quartz)

Quartz, SiO₂; possible lepidolite mica inclusions

Fossilized Bone

Vertebrate fossil (mineralized bone)

Pearl

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) in the form of orthorhombic Aragonite and Conchiolin

Green beryl (possibly emerald) with dark matrix

Beryl, Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈; green variety colored mainly by chromium or vanadium

Black tourmaline (schorl)

Schorl, NaFe²⁺₃Al₆(BO₃)₃Si₆O₁₈(OH)₄

Tumbled agate or chalcedony nodule

Microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂), likely agate/chalcedony with iron staining and possible druzy quartz

Olivine (Peridotite)

(Mg,Fe)2SiO4 (Magnesium Iron Silicate)

Corundum (Sapphire / Raw Sapphire)

Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3)

Tumbled chrysocolla beads

Chrysocolla, hydrated copper-aluminum silicate (approximately (Cu,Al)₂H₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄·nH₂O), commonly mixed with malachite or quartz

Fossil Shell (Bivalve)

Class Bivalvia (Likely a member of the Ostreidae or Gryphaeidae family), CaCO3

Petrified Wood

Silicified Wood (Permineralized wood)

Likely green aventurine or serpentine-bearing stone

Indeterminate from image; possibly quartzite with fuchsite mica or serpentinized ultramafic rock

Mica-rich metamorphic rock, likely schist

Quartz–mica schist; commonly quartz with muscovite and/or biotite mica

Amber

Fossilized Tree Resin (Amorphous Hydrocarbon)

Iron-rich hematite/goethite rock (ironstone)

Hematite (Fe₂O₃) with goethite/limonite (FeO(OH)·nH₂O), likely in a weathered ironstone matrix

Tumbled honey-colored stone, possibly citrine or yellow chalcedony

Uncertain from the photograph; possible quartz (SiO₂), either citrine or chalcedony

Pearl (with Peridot)

Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) + Conchiolin; Peridot: Magnesium iron silicate (Mg, Fe)2SiO4

Red corundum (ruby-colored polished crystal)

Corundum, aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃); red color is typically caused by chromium

Likely aquamarine-bearing beryl fragment

Beryl, Be3Al2Si6O18; blue color from iron impurities

Aquamarine (blue beryl)

Beryl, Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈; blue variety colored mainly by iron

Polished labradorite cabochon (probable)

Labradorite, calcium-rich plagioclase feldspar; approximately (Ca,Na)(Al,Si)₄O₈

Polished labradorite

Labradorite, Ca(Al2Si2O8)–NaAlSi3O8 (plagioclase feldspar)

Fossilized Shark Tooth

Selachimorpha fossil

Possible green tourmaline (small rough crystal fragment)

Possibly elbaite, Na(Li₁.₅Al₁.₅)Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₄; identification is uncertain from the blurry image

Chrysocolla-bearing rock (likely chrysocolla in quartz/limonite matrix)

Chrysocolla, hydrated copper aluminosilicate: (Cu,Al)₂H₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄·nH₂O

Tumbled chalcedony (likely pale agate or common opal)

Microcrystalline quartz, SiO₂; possibly hydrated silica, SiO₂·nH₂O, if opal

Polished turquoise-colored stone, likely chrysoprase or dyed agate

Uncertain; possible chalcedony (microcrystalline SiO₂) or turquoise (hydrous copper aluminum phosphate)

Weathered quartz-rich rock fragment

Indeterminate; likely quartz-bearing granitoid or quartzite

Jasper

SiO2

Blue gemstone cross pendant

Likely faceted blue topaz (Al₂SiO₄(F,OH)₂); identification is uncertain from the image

Pearl (Biogenic Mineral)

Calcium Carbonate (primarily Aragonite) with Conchiolin; CaCO3

Tumbled larimar

Larimar; blue pectolite, NaCa₂Si₃O₈(OH)

Cubic Zirconia (Set in Jewelry)

Zirconium Dioxide (ZrO2)

Dendritic jasper/chalcedony

Silica-rich microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂) with manganese-oxide dendrites