Sedimentary (Imitation)

Green cabochon gemstone, likely aventurine or dyed chalcedony

Indeterminate from image; possible quartz variety (SiO₂), including aventurine quartz or chalcedony

Green Fluorite (likely synthetic or heat-treated for jewelry)

Calcium Fluoride (CaF2)

Green Aventurine

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with inclusions of Fuchsite

Turquoise

CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O (Hydrous phosphate of copper and aluminum)

Pearl

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) in the form of Aragonite

Anthracite Coal

Anthracite (Carbon Content: 86%–98%)

Pearls (likely freshwater cultured pearls)

Pearl: nacre, primarily aragonite (CaCO₃) with conchiolin

Aventurine

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with inclusions of Fuchsite

Black Pearl (Tahitian Type)

Aragonite / Pinctada margaritifera (CaCO3 + Conchiolin)

Tumbled amber

Amber (fossilized plant resin; commonly succinite, C10H16O)

Pearl

Aragonite / Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Costume Jewelry Gemstones (Emerald-imitation and semi-precious beads)

BeCuAl6Si6O18 (Beryl structure), frequently simulated by glass or synthetic spinel

Pearl

Calcium carbonate (Aragonite/Calcite) - CaCO3

Howlite (Dyed Turquoise)

Calcium Borosilicate Hydroxide (Ca2B5SiO9(OH)5)

Blue-green turquoise (probable)

Turquoise — hydrated copper aluminum phosphate, CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O

Strawberry Quartz and Rose Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with inclusions

Quartz (Citrine or Iron-Stained)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Turquoise

Hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminium [CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O]

Tumbled green aventurine

Quartz (SiO₂), commonly containing fuchsite mica inclusions

Amber (Rough)

Amber (Fossilized Tree Resin, succinite)

Pearl

Calcium Carbonate (Aragonite) with Conchiolin; formula: CaCO3

Blue faceted gemstones, likely blue sapphire

Corundum (Al₂O₃), blue varieties colored chiefly by iron and titanium

Precious Coral

Corallium rubrum (Calcium carbonate with trace carotene)

Tumbled or rough turquoise-like specimen

Turquoise, hydrated copper aluminum phosphate — CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O; identification is uncertain from the image

Lapis Lazuli

Lapis Lazuli (Complex aggregate of Lazurite, Calcite, and Pyrite)

Lapis Lazuli

Lazurite-rich metamorphic rock; (Na,Ca)8(AlSiO4)6(S,Cl,SO4,OH)2

Turquoise

Hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminium: CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O

Banded Agate (Onyx Variety)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) - Cryptocrystalline Quartz

Turquoise

Hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminium, CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O

Turquoise (Blue Howlite / Magnesite imitation)

CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O (for natural Turquoise); Ca2B5SiO9(OH)5 (for Howlite)

Green jade bangle

Jadeite or nephrite (jade); exact species cannot be confirmed visually

Pink faceted gemstone, likely synthetic ruby or pink sapphire

Corundum (Al₂O₃), possibly chromium-colored ruby; synthetic origin likely

Green jade bangle

Jadeite (NaAlSi₂O₆) or nephrite, a tremolite–actinolite amphibole

Tiger’s eye

Quartz (SiO₂) with fibrous crocidolite pseudomorphs and iron oxides

Jade (likely nephrite)

Nephrite jade: interlocking actinolite–tremolite amphibole, Ca₂(Mg,Fe)₅Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂; exact identification requires testing

Polished amber

Amber (fossilized plant resin), commonly succinite; organic mineraloid rather than a true mineral

Lapis Lazuli

Lapis Lazuli (aggregate of Lazurite, Calcite, and Pyrite)

Amber

Succinite (specifically for Baltic amber); Approximate formula: C10H16O

Sardonyx Cameo

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) - variety Cryptocrystalline Quartz

Aventurine

Silicon dioxide with micas (SiO2 + K(Al,Cr)2AlSi3O(OH)2)

Freshwater Pearl

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) in the form of Aragonite and Calcite

Pearl

Biogenic Calcium Carbonate (Aragonite and Conchiolin), CaCO3