Sedimentary (Imitation)

Lodolite (Garden Quartz)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with inclusions (Chlorite, Hematite, etc.)

Natural or Cultured Pearl

Calcium Carbonate (Aragonite and Conchiolin), CaCO3

Blue Sapphire (Synthetic or Man-made Glass Imitation)

Corundum (Al2O3) if natural; Lead-glass or Spinal if synthetic

Blue-green turquoise-like tumbled stone

Turquoise, hydrous copper aluminum phosphate: CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O

Amber

Fossilized Tree Resin (Succinite for Baltic varieties)

Larimar

Pectolite (NaCa2Si3O8(OH))

Lapis Lazuli

Lapis lazuli (Rock composed primarily of Lazurite (Na,Ca)8(AlSiO4)6(S,Cl,SO4,OH)2, Calcite, and Pyrite)

Nephrite Jade

Nephrite (Silicate mineral: Ca2(Mg, Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2)

Dyed Quartz / Rose Quartz Imitation

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with artificial pigment

Amethyst cluster

Quartz, silicon dioxide (SiO₂), purple variety colored mainly by iron impurities and irradiation

Dalmatian jasper

Dalmatian stone, typically a leucocratic alkali-feldspar-rich porphyritic igneous rock with black arfvedsonite or aegirine inclusions

Pearl

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) in the form of orthorhombic Aragonite and Conchiolin

Moonstone

Orthoclase Feldspar (containing Albite lamellae), (KAlSi3O8)

Turquoise (Dyed Howlite/Magnesite imitation)

CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O (Target mineral) / Ca2B5SiO9(OH)5 (Actual specimen: Howlite)

Likely polished garnet fragment

Garnet group, possibly almandine (Fe₃Al₂Si₃O₁₂)

Tumbled tiger’s-eye

Tiger’s-eye quartz, SiO₂ with fibrous crocidolite pseudomorphs

Tumbled turquoise

Turquoise — hydrated copper aluminum phosphate, CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O

Pearl (Biogenic Mineraloid)

Calcium carbonate (Aragonite) and Conchiolin, CaCO3

Chrysocolla in Malachite

Cu2CO3(OH)2 (Malachite) / Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4·nH2O (Chrysocolla)

Turquoise (likely Sleeping Beauty variety or treated Howlite imitation)

Hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminium, CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O

Pearl (Biogenic Gemstone)

Calcium Carbonate (Aragonite and Calcite) with Conchiolin

Amethyst (Large Cluster)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with iron impurities

Tahitian Pearl

Biogenic Calcium Carbonate (Aragonite/Calcite), CaCO3

Clear Quartz (Tumbled)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Turquoise cabochon

Turquoise — hydrated copper aluminum phosphate, CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O

Polished tiger’s-eye

Chatoyant quartz, mainly fibrous crocidolite pseudomorphed by quartz (SiO₂)

Sapphire (Blue)

Corundum (Al2O3)

Shell Cameo (Sardonyx Shell)

Cassis madagascariensis (Sardonyx shell)

Black Pearl (Tahitian Pearl)

Aragonite / Calcite (CaCO3) with Conchiolin

Black Onyx

Black Chalcedony (SiO2)

Carved lavender chalcedony (likely agate) animal figurine

Microcrystalline quartz, SiO₂; probable chalcedony or pale lavender agate

Blue-dyed howlite beads (likely)

Howlite, Ca₂B₅SiO₉(OH)₅, commonly dyed blue to imitate turquoise

Pearls

Aragonite (calcium carbonate) and Conchiolin

Lapis lazuli and green-blue chalcedony jewelry

Lapis lazuli: lazurite-bearing metamorphic rock, chiefly lazurite (Na₃Ca(Al₃Si₃O₁₂)S) with calcite and pyrite; second stone: likely chrysoprase or green-blue chalcedony (microcrystalline quartz, SiO₂)

Lapis Lazuli

Complex mixture containing Lazurite ((Na,Ca)8(AlSiO4)6(S,Cl,SO4,OH)2), Calcite, and Pyrite

Blue Aventurine

Quartzite with Dumortierite inclusions (SiO2 + Al7(BO3)(SiO4)3O3)

Amber

Fossilized tree resin (mainly polymerized diterpenoid resin)

Tumbled amber-like inclusion

Likely amber (fossilized tree resin; complex polymer), but identification is uncertain from the image

Amber (likely rough amber)

Fossilized plant resin; predominantly polymerized terpenoid resin (succinite if Baltic-type)

Colorless faceted gemstone (likely cubic zirconia)

Cubic zirconia, zirconium dioxide (ZrO₂); possibly synthetic quartz or glass imitation

Amber

Succinite (specifically for Baltic amber; general formula C10H16O)

Malachite

Malachite - Cu2CO3(OH)2