Sedimentary (Secondary Mineral Formation)

Milky Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Gossan (with Limonite/Hematite coating)

Ferruginous Gossan (Fe2O3·nH2O / Fe2O3)

Sandstone

Arenite (composed primarily of SiO2, or Silicon Dioxide)

Dinosaur Fossil (Tyrannosaurus rex skull replica/specimen)

Tyrannosaurus rex (fossilized in permineralized sedimentary matrix)

Banded Iron Formation

Banded Iron Formation (BIF)

Specular Hematite (Specularite)

Iron Oxide (Fe2O3)

Brecciated Chert

Sedimentary Chert (SiO2) with Calc-Silicate mineralization

Red Jasper

Silicon Dioxide with Hematite (SiO2 + Fe2O3)

Banded Limestone

Calcareous sedimentary rock (CaCO3)

Quartz (Milky Quartz / Quartzite)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Red Jasper

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Iron impurities

Yellow Jasper

Chalcedony (Silicon Dioxide with Iron inclusions), SiO2

Chrysocolla in Cuprite

(Cu,Al)2H2Si2O5(OH)4 · nH2O (Chrysocolla) and Cu2O (Cuprite)

Turquoise

Turquoise (Hydrated copper aluminum phosphate, CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O)

Calamites (Fossilized Horsetail)

Calamites suckowii (Family: Calamitaceae)

Chert (Flint / Jasper)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Hematite

Hematite (Fe2O3)

Sandstone (River Rock)

Arenite (composed primarily of SiO2)

Sandstone / Quartzite

Sedimentary quartz arenite

Carnelian Agate

Chalcedony (SiO2) with iron oxide inclusions

Pearl

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) with Conchiolin

Orange Calcite

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Carnelian

Carnelian (variety of Chalcedony, SiO2 with iron oxide impurities)

Quartz Geode

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) in a Secondary Sedimentary/Volcanic cavity

Fluorite

Calcium Fluoride (CaF2)

Pitted Sedimentary Rock / Cupstone

Sedimentary rock with weathering pit (arenite / sandstone)

Sandstone (Ferruginous)

Arenite (Fe2O3 enriched)

Limonite (Iron Ore)

Limonite (Hydrous ferric oxides), generic formula FeO(OH)·nH2O

Sandstone (Ferruginous)

Arenite (with Goethite/Limonite cement)

Milky Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Limonite (Yellow Ochre)

Hydrated iron(III) oxide-hydroxide (FeO(OH)·nH2O)

Limonite (Iron Ore)

Limonite (Hydrated Iron Oxide, FeO(OH)·nH2O)

Quartz Geode

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Orange Calcite

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Turquoise

CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O (Hydrous phosphate of copper and aluminium)

Quartz (Iron-stained)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Green Calcite

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Sandstone (Quartzose Sandstone)

Arenite (primarily SiO2)

Limestone with Chert Nodule

Carbonate rock (CaCO3) with Microcrystalline Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) inclusion

Moqui Marble

Hematite Concretion (Iron Oxide Concretion)

Sandstone (Ferruginous)

Arenite (primarily SiO2 with Fe2O3 cementation)

Limestone with Calcite Veining

Sedimentary Rock (Calcium Carbonate, CaCO3)