Synthetic (Man Made Glass)

Chert

Silicon dioxide (SiO2)

Carved Stone Turtle

Carved Soapstone and Quartz

Smoky Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with trace aluminum and irradiation

Quartzite

Metamorphic Quartzite (primarily SiO2)

Quartzite

Metamorphic Quartzite (primarily SiO2)

Emerald

Beryl (Be3Al2(SiO3)6) with Chromium/Vanadium impurities

Red Jasper

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Iron Oxide inclusions

Flint

Silicon dioxide (Microcrystalline Quartz / Chert)

Quartzite

Quartzite (Metamorphosed Sandstone)

Chert

Microcrystalline quartz (SiO2)

Tumbled brown chalcedony or agate

Microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂), likely chalcedony; possibly iron-stained jasper or agate

Blue Slag Glass

Amorphous Silica (Industrial byproduct)

Quartzite

Metamorphic Quartzite (SiO2)

Chert

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Chert / Flint

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Slag (Industrial Glass/Metal)

Ferrous slag or Glassy silicate byproduct

Colorless faceted gemstone, likely glass or cubic zirconia

Uncertain; possible cubic zirconia (zirconium dioxide, ZrO₂) or synthetic glass

Diamond (in jewelry setting)

Diamond (C - Carbon)

Tumbled chalcedony (likely moss or dendritic agate)

Microcrystalline quartz, SiO₂, with iron-oxide inclusions

Sandstone (Quartzose)

Arenite (composed primarily of SiO2)

Moissanite

Silicon Carbide (SiC)

Quartzite

Metamorphic Quartz Arenite

Obsidian (Black)

Obsidian (High-silica volcanic glass)

Blue gemstone ring (likely sapphire)

Likely corundum, Al₂O₃; the dark, reflective appearance may also indicate a treated or synthetic stone.

Dyed Agate Slice

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with artificial dyes

Diamond (or Cubic Zirconia)

Crystallized Carbon (C) for Diamond; Zirconium Dioxide (ZrO2) for CZ

Note: The image provided is a fabric sock, not a geological specimen.

Polyester-Cotton Blend with Elastane

Sedimentary Rock with Crafts (Pet Rock)

Sedimentary rock decorated with synthetic materials

Pink Dyed Agate

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with synthetic pigment

Dyed Quartzite

Metamorphosed Quartz (SiO2) with synthetic pigment

Dyed Agate

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with synthetic dyes

Silicon Carbide (Carborundum)

Moissanite (SiC), though mostly synthetic

Sandstone (Quartzose)

Arenite (primarily SiO2)

Chert (Flint)

Microcrystalline or Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Red Slag Glass (Cullet)

Amorphous Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with metallic dopants

Cubic Zirconia

Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2)

Lapis Lazuli (Tumbled Stone)

Na6Ca2(Al6Si6O24)(SO4,S,Cl)2 (predominantly Lazurite)

Silicon Carbide (Carborundum)

Silicon Carbide (SiC)

Diamond or Cubic Zirconia

Carbon (diamond) or Zirconium dioxide (cubic zirconia)

Chert (Cherty Shale / Flint)

Microcrystalline or Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Chert

Microcrystalline silica (SiO2)

Chert (Flint)

Chert (Silicon Dioxide, SiO2)