Synthetic Polymer (Synthetic Material)

Pink Dyed Agate

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) - Variety Agate

Ruby (varietal of Corundum)

Corundum (Al2O3:Cr)

Coal (Bituminous or Anthracite)

Carbonaceous Sedimentary Rock

Spinel

Magnesium Aluminum Oxide (MgAl2O4)

Ruby

Corundum (Al2O3 with Chromium trace)

Rough Ruby

Corundum (Al2O3 with Chromium impurities)

Smoky Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Purple faceted gemstone, possibly amethyst

Unconfirmed from image; if amethyst, quartz (SiO₂)

Faceted clear gemstone in a gold-colored ring

Unidentified transparent faceted gem; possibilities include colorless quartz (SiO₂), glass, or diamond (C)

Emerald (likely faceted gemstone)

Beryl, Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈; green color typically from chromium and/or vanadium

Colorless faceted gemstone, likely cubic zirconia

Cubic zirconia (synthetic ZrO₂), possibly glass or quartz

Diamond ring

Diamond, crystalline carbon (C), likely a faceted mounted stone

Blue slag glass / industrial glass fragment

Artificial silicate glass, composition variable; likely copper- or cobalt-colored furnace slag

Faceted clear gemstone, likely quartz (rock crystal)

Quartz, silicon dioxide (SiO₂); exact identity is uncertain because the strong flash and cut obscure diagnostic features

Blue Sandstone

Man-made glass with cobalt and copper inclusions

Ruby ring (likely synthetic ruby)

Corundum, Al₂O₃; red color from chromium. The image alone cannot establish whether the stone is natural or lab-grown.

Blue sapphire ring

Corundum (aluminum oxide, Al₂O₃), likely heat-treated sapphire

K2 Stone (or K2 Jasper)

Azurite-in-Granite (Potassium Feldspar, Quartz, Plagioclase, Muscovite, and Azurite)

Ruby-set gold ring

Ruby (corundum), Al₂O₃ colored red by chromium; mounted in a gold alloy

Gemstone jewelry ensemble

Likely mixed gemstone and glass-bead jewelry; exact stones cannot be determined from the image

Diamond (or Cubic Zirconia simulant)

Carbon (C) / Zirconium Dioxide (ZrO2 if synthetic)

Opalite

Man-made Glass (Synthetic Opalized Glass)

Opalite

Synthetic Glass / Man-made Opal Simulant

Opalite

Synthetic Opalized Glass / Man-made Glass

Quartzite (Engineered Stone)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) based synthetic composite

Blue faceted gemstones, likely blue sapphire

Corundum (Al₂O₃), blue varieties colored chiefly by iron and titanium

Pink faceted gemstone, likely synthetic cubic zirconia or pink sapphire

Uncertain from image; possible zirconium dioxide (cubic zirconia, ZrO₂) or corundum (pink sapphire, Al₂O₃)

Opalite (likely man-made glass)

Opalite; amorphous silica glass, not a natural mineral

Pink amethyst or pale pink quartz gemstone

Quartz, SiO₂; pink coloration may result from microscopic inclusions or irradiation-related defects

Ruby (cushion-cut red gemstone)

Corundum, Al₂O₃; red color is typically caused by chromium

Blue Sapphire

Corundum (Al2O3 with Cr, Fe, and Ti trace elements)

Diamond (or Cubic Zirconia simulant)

Carbon (C) / Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2)

Diamond ring (center stone appears to be a diamond)

Diamond, crystalline carbon (C); the setting is gold-colored metal

Opalite

Man-made Glass (Synthetic Opalized Glass)

Dyed turquoise bead

Turquoise, CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O; likely stabilized or reconstructed turquoise

Tumbled hematite

Hematite (iron(III) oxide, Fe₂O₃)

Blue sapphire

Corundum (Al₂O₃), blue variety colored mainly by iron and titanium

Faceted green gemstone, possibly peridot

Uncertain from the image; peridot is gem-quality olivine, (Mg,Fe)₂SiO₄

Opalite

Man-made opalescent glass

Quartz (Druzy / Goldstone Gemstone Cabochon)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Colorless faceted gemstone, likely cubic zirconia

Synthetic cubic zirconia (zirconium dioxide, ZrO₂); identity is visual and not definitive

Bismuth Crystal

Bismuth (element symbol Bi, atomic number 83)