Man Made Object (Simulant)

Concretion or weathered iron-rich rock

Likely limonite/goethite-rich concretion; exact identification requires testing

Small white mineral fragment

Indeterminate; possibly quartz, calcite, or feldspar

Sapphire

Corundum (Al2O3)

Diamond

Native Carbon (C)

Diamond (in a jewelry setting)

Carbon (C)

Possible iron meteorite fragment

Iron meteorite, likely kamacite–taenite alloy

Likely faceted colorless gemstone

Probable quartz (rock crystal), SiO₂; diamond or topaz cannot be excluded from the photograph

White chalcedony cabochon ring

Chalcedony (microcrystalline quartz, SiO₂), likely white quartz variety

Pearl

Calcium Carbonate (Aragonite/Calcite) with Conchiolin, CaCO3

Carved stone bowl or mortar

Uncertain; likely steatite (soapstone) or fine-grained volcanic stone

Likely fossilized shell or carbonate concretion

Indeterminate biogenic calcium carbonate, commonly calcite (CaCO₃)

Weathered limestone pavement with a small fossil-like inclusion

Limestone, chiefly calcite (CaCO₃); the visible tan fragment cannot be identified confidently as a fossil from the image

Tumbled quartz pebble, likely iron-stained quartz

Quartz (silicon dioxide, SiO₂), possibly milky quartz with limonite/goethite staining

Banded Calcite or Travertine

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Chalk

Micrite (primarily Calcium Carbonate, CaCO3)

Polished dendritic agate or jasper pebble

Microcrystalline quartz (chalcedony), SiO₂, with dark manganese-oxide inclusions

Tumbled/cut citrine quartz point

Quartz, silicon dioxide (SiO₂), likely heat-treated amethyst sold as citrine

Quartz pebble in concrete

Quartz (SiO₂), embedded in Portland-cement concrete

Colorless faceted gemstone, likely cubic zirconia

Cubic zirconia (zirconium dioxide, ZrO₂); visual confirmation is unavailable

Diamond (or high-quality simulant like Cubic Zirconia)

Carbon (C) - Native Element

Diamond (in Jewelry Setting)

Carbon (C)

Asphalt Pavement (with aggregate)

Asphalt concrete

Blue Slag Glass

Amorphous Silica (Byproduct of smelting)

Cardstock (Paper)

Cellulose (C6H10O5)n

Blue Goldstone

Aventurine Glass (SiO2 with Cobalt/Copper inclusions)

Synthetic Resin (Artificial Specimen)

Polyurethane or Polyester Resin

Slag Glass (Cullet)

Amorphous Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with metal oxide colorants

Slag (Anthropogenic Glass/Iron byproduct)

Ferro-silicate Slag

Artisanal Glass Beads (Simulated Goldstone or Aventurine Glass)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with metallic inclusions

Cut colorless gemstone, likely quartz or glass imitation

Most plausibly rock crystal (clear quartz, SiO₂); synthetic glass cannot be ruled out from the image

Speckled rounded stone, possibly basalt or diorite

Indeterminate mafic/intermediate igneous rock; likely fine-grained basaltic or dioritic material

Fossilized bivalve in sandstone/conglomerate

Indeterminate fossil mollusk, likely Bivalvia, preserved in lithified siliciclastic sediment

Small polished metallic mineral specimen

Indeterminate from image; possibly galena or hematite

Tumbled orange chalcedony or quartzite

Microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂), possibly iron-stained chalcedony; exact identification requires testing

Ammonite fossil

Fossilized ammonoid cephalopod; likely an involute ammonite, exact genus/species indeterminate

Polished agate/geode fragment

Chalcedony (microcrystalline quartz, SiO₂) with quartz and probable iron/manganese oxides

Tumbled labradorite

Labradorite, a calcium-rich plagioclase feldspar (approximately NaAlSi₃O₈–CaAl₂Si₂O₈)

Dyed Pink Quartzite (Jadeite Simulant)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with organic dye

Fossil tooth, likely shark tooth

Fossilized selachian tooth, possibly Carcharodon or a related lamniform shark

Optical Calcite

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Quartz pebble or seed/crumb

SiO2 (if quartz)

Yellow Sapphire (Raw)

Corundum (Al2O3)