Mineral (Extraterrestrial)

Red Sandstone

Sandstone (mainly SiO2 with Iron Oxide cement)

Turquoise

Hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminium: CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O

Pyrite on Quartz

Iron Sulfide (FeS2) on Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Azurite

Azurite (Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2)

Sandstone

Clastic Sedimentary Rock (composed primarily of Quartz: SiO2)

Sandstone (Ferruginous)

Arenite (primarily SiO2 with Fe2O3 staining)

Turquoise

Hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminium [CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O]

Sandstone (Ferruginous)

Clastic Sedimentary Rock (primarily SiO2 with Fe2O3 staining)

Turquoise

Hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminium (CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O)

Sandstone

Arenite (composed primarily of SiO2)

Obsidian

Obsidian (Volcanic Glass), primarily SiO2 (Silicon Dioxide)

Red Sandstone

Clastic sedimentary rock (primarily SiO2 with Fe2O3 iron oxide staining)

Shale with Iron Oxide Staining

Fissile Mudstone (primarily clay minerals and quartz)

Larimar

Pectolite (a blue variety of Pectolite)

Turquoise

Turquoise (Hydrated copper aluminum phosphate, CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O)

Sandstone

Arenite (mostly Quartz-based)

Basalt with Calcite Veining

Aphanitic Mafic Igneous Rock (primarily Plagioclase and Pyroxene)

Turquoise

Hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminium [CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O]

Red Sandstone

Arenite (primarily SiO2 with hematite/iron oxide coating)

Ironstone Concretion / Limonite-stained Siltstone

Ironstone (primarily Limonite FeO(OH)·nH2O and Siltstone)

Magnetite

Magnetite (Iron(II,III) oxide, Fe3O4)

Basalt with Epidote/Chlorite

Amygdaloidal Basalt (SiO2 with (Ca2(Al2,Fe)(SiO4)(Si2O7)O(OH)))

Granite Pebble

Granite (Phaneritic intrusive igneous rock comprising Quartz, Feldspar, and Mica)

Pegmatite

Coarse-grained Igneous Rock (Granitic Pegmatite)

Ocean Jasper (Orbicular Jasper)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with iron and other mineral inclusions

Copper Ore (likely Malachite or Chrysocolla staining)

Copper Secondary Mineral (e.g., Cu2CO3(OH)2)

Pyrite in Quartz (Drill Core)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Iron Sulfide (FeS2) inclusions

Muscovite Mica

Muscovite (KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(F,OH)₂))

Quartz (Milk Quartz Cobble)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Basalt Porphyry

Porphyritic Basalt

Turquoise

CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O (Hydrous phosphate of copper and aluminium)

Chalcedony (Botryoidal or Chalcedony Rose)

Silicon dioxide (SiO2)

Amethyst

Amethyst (Silicon Dioxide, SiO2 + trace Fe3+)

Granitoid (with Epidote and Orthoclase)

Crystalline Felsic Intrusive Rock (containing SiO2, KAlSi3O8, and Ca2(Al2,Fe)(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH))

Amethyst (Scepter/Double Terminated Point)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Amethyst

SiO2 (Silicon Dioxide with Iron impurities)

Almandine Garnet

Almandine (Fe3Al2(SiO4)3)

Moqui Marble

Hematite Concretion (Iron Oxide Concretion)

Common Opal

Hydrated Silica (SiO2·nH2O)

Citrine Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with iron impurities

Garnet in Matrix (Schist or Quartz)

Almandine Garnet, Fe3Al2(SiO4)3

Tiger's Eye

Pseudomorph of Quartz after Crocidolite (SiO2)