Mineralogical Simulant

Banded slate or phyllite

Fine-grained foliated metasedimentary rock; likely slate with light-colored quartz veins

Weathered sandstone pebble

Quartz-rich sandstone, likely iron-oxide-stained (SiO₂-dominant)

Rounded river pebble, likely quartz-rich sandstone or weathered quartzite

Indeterminate; probable quartz (SiO₂)-rich clastic rock

Greenstone pebble

Likely chlorite- or epidote-bearing metamafic rock (metabasalt/greenschist)

Probable weathered basalt or andesite

Fine-grained mafic to intermediate volcanic rock; commonly plagioclase ± pyroxene, amphibole, and iron oxides

Granite

Felsic intrusive igneous rock

Weathered porphyritic volcanic rock

Likely andesite or dacite, with feldspar phenocrysts in a fine-grained groundmass

Sandstone (Quartzose Sandstone)

Arenite (primarily SiO2 with minor Fe2O3)

Faceted colorless gemstone, likely cubic zirconia or diamond

Most likely synthetic cubic zirconia (ZrO₂); diamond (C) is a less certain alternative

Faceted clear gemstone (likely glass imitation or quartz)

Uncertain; appearance is consistent with colorless quartz (SiO₂), but the strong uniform brilliance may indicate cut glass or cubic zirconia

Gabbro

Gabbro (composed mainly of calcium-rich plagioclase feldspar and pyroxene)

Metallic sulfide-bearing metamorphic rock

Likely graphitic schist or sulfide-rich schist, with possible pyrite/arsenopyrite and mica

Dragon Blood Jasper

Microcrystalline Quartz (Chalcedony) with Epidote and Piemontite

Snowflake Obsidian

Volcanic Glass with Cristobalite inclusions

Colorless faceted gemstone, likely cubic zirconia or diamond

Uncertain from image; cubic zirconia (ZrO₂) is a common diamond simulant, while diamond is crystalline carbon (C)

Serpentinite (likely serpentinized ultramafic rock)

Serpentine-group minerals, chiefly antigorite/lizardite; commonly derived from peridotite

Blue sapphire ring

Corundum, aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃), blue variety colored mainly by iron and titanium

Red Granite

Phaneritic Felsic Intrusive Igneous Rock (primarily K-feldspar, Quartz, and Biotite)

Red Granite

Phaneritic Plutonic Rock (High Potassium Feldspar)

Granite

Phaneritic Igneous Rock (Granite)

Granite

Intrusive Phaneritic Felsic Igneous Rock

Diamond (Faceted)

Carbon (C)

Quartz-bearing dark mineral specimen

Quartz (SiO₂) on a dark host rock, possibly basalt or sulfide-rich ore

Serpentine-rich metamorphic rock

Serpentinite; chiefly antigorite/lizardite Mg₃Si₂O₅(OH)₄, possibly with talc, chlorite, magnetite, or carbonate

Weathered, iron-stained feldspathic rock (probable granite or granitic pegmatite)

Quartz–feldspar granitoid; visible blue grains may be altered feldspar or accessory minerals

Fossil oyster shell

Oyster (family Ostreidae), preserved as fossilized calcite/aragonite shell

Polished porphyritic volcanic rock, likely andesite or basalt

Porphyritic andesite/basalt; commonly plagioclase and pyroxene phenocrysts in a fine volcanic groundmass

Black volcanic rock, likely basalt

Basalt; primarily plagioclase feldspar and pyroxene, commonly with minor olivine or magnetite

Greenish weathered volcanic rock, likely altered basalt

Altered basalt/mafic volcanic rock; green coloration may reflect chlorite, epidote, or celadonite

Likely weathered basalt pebble

Basalt, a fine-grained mafic volcanic rock; commonly composed of plagioclase, pyroxene, and minor olivine

Granite

Intrusive igneous rock composed mainly of quartz, alkali feldspar, and plagioclase

Gneiss (specifically a granitic gneiss cobble)

Gneiss (high-grade regional metamorphic rock)

Rounded iron-rich pebble

Likely ferruginous sandstone or ironstone; exact identification requires testing

Diamond-set gold ring

Diamond (crystalline carbon, C) set in a gold alloy; the metal and setting are manufactured

Jasper and Greenstone Pebble

Siliceous rock / Metamorphic pebble

Likely smoky quartz cabochon ring

Quartz, silicon dioxide (SiO₂), brown variety colored by irradiation and trace aluminum

Serpentinite (likely antigorite-rich)

Serpentinite; chiefly serpentine-group minerals, Mg₃Si₂O₅(OH)₄, with possible magnetite and minor chromite

Diamond

Diamond (Native Carbon, C)

Vesicular Basalt (Scoria)

Extrusive Mafic Volcanic Rock (FeO-SiO2-MgO)

Weathered green metamorphic rock, possibly serpentinite or greenstone

Likely serpentinite (serpentine-group minerals) or chlorite/epidote-rich greenschist; exact identification requires testing

Dark gray fine-grained stone, likely basalt

Basalt; primarily plagioclase feldspar and pyroxene, commonly with minor olivine and iron oxides

Weathered metal-rich igneous rock, likely basalt or komatiitic peridotite

Probable altered mafic–ultramafic rock containing pyroxene/amphibole, olivine, iron oxides, and possible metallic sulfides