Mineralogical Simulant

Flagstone, likely weathered sandstone or limestone

Layered clastic carbonate rock; exact mineralogy cannot be confirmed from the image

Porphyritic Rhyolite or Andesite (Porphyry)

Porphyritic igneous rock (Composition depends on exact mineralogy, often Rhyolite or Andesite)

Blue gemstone ring, likely sapphire

Corundum, Al₂O₃ (probable blue sapphire); surrounding stones may be diamonds or simulants

Sugilite

Sugilite (KNa2(Fe,Mn,Al)2Li3Si12O30)

Polished banded gneiss pebble

Gneiss, chiefly quartz–feldspar–mica; exact mineralogy uncertain from image

Likely small metallic meteorite fragments

Unclassified iron or stony-iron meteorite; mineralogy cannot be confirmed from the image

Jewelry Chain with Blue and Clear Gemstones (Likely Cubic Zirconia)

Cubic Zirconia (ZrO₂), Silver or White Gold/Platinum Alloy

Diamond

Carbon (C)

Weathered sandstone or siltstone

Clastic sedimentary rock, likely quartz-rich sandstone; exact mineralogy requires testing

Polished pale stone, likely limestone or quartzite pebble

Most consistent with micritic limestone (calcite, CaCO₃), though the image cannot confirm mineralogy

Sandstone

Quartz Arenite (a common type of sandstone, given the appearance), Arkose, Greywacke (depending on mineralogy)

Jade (Nephrite or Jadeite)

Nephrite: Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2 (amphibole mineral); Jadeite: NaAlSi2O6 (pyroxene mineral)

Pegmatite (likely Granitic Pegmatite)

Pegmatite (a coarse-grained igneous rock, often with granitic composition)

Iron-rich meteorite candidate

Undetermined stony-iron or iron meteorite; mineralogy likely Fe–Ni metal with silicates

Tumbled dark gray stone, possibly basalt or andesite

Fine-grained mafic to intermediate volcanic rock; exact mineralogy cannot be confirmed from the photograph

Goldstone

Not a natural mineral or rock. It is an ornamental glass.

Likely iron-rich meteorite fragment

Undetermined stony-iron or iron meteorite; mineralogy may include Fe–Ni metal, troilite, and silicates

Diamond (Rough)

Diamond (Carbon, C)

Hypersthene (or Enstatite/Ferrosilite)

Orthopyroxene series (Mg,Fe)SiO3 - specifically, historically hypersthene (intermediate member) now referred to as Enstatite (Mg-rich) or Ferrosilite (Fe-rich)

Diamond

Diamond (C)

Emerald

Beryl (Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈), specifically the green variety colored by trace amounts of chromium or vanadium.

Diamond

Diamond (pure carbon; C)

Jade (likely Nephrite or Jadeite)

Nephrite (a variety of actinolite, Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2) or Jadeite (NaAlSi2O6)

Jade (likely Nephrite Jade based on appearance)

Nephrite (a variety of actinolite, Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2)

Diamond

Diamond (C)

Greisen

Greisen

Granite (likely a river or beach pebble)

Granite (a felsic intrusive igneous rock primarily composed of quartz, feldspar, and mica)

Jade (Nephrite or Jadeite)

Nephrite (Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2 - a variety of actinolite, an amphibole mineral); Jadeite (Na(Al,Fe3+)Si2O6 - a pyroxene mineral)

Green glass sphere/marble

Soda-lime glass (primarily SiO2, Na2O, CaO)

Opalite (Man-made Glass)

Synthetic Silicon Dioxide Glass (SiO2 + metal oxides)

Tektite (Indochinite)

Tektite (High-silica natural glass)

Jade (likely Jadeite)

Jadeite (a pyroxene mineral) or Nephrite (a variety of amphibole mineral)

Banded Gneiss

Gneiss (pronounced 'nice')

Blue Goldstone

Aventurine Glass

Goldstone

Aventurine Glass (SiO2 + Cu small inclusions)

Chipped Glass/Plastic Fragment

Silicon dioxide (SiO2) for glass (amorphous) or various polymer compounds for plastic

Blue Goldstone

Aventurine Glass (Silicon Dioxide with metal inclusions)

Diamond

Diamond (pure carbon, C)

Pebble (likely a type of sandstone or quartzite pebble)

Clastic Sediment (specifically, a rudite-sized clast). If the pebble is composed of a specific rock type, its scientific name would be that rock type (e.g., 'Quartzite pebble', 'Granite pebble', 'Chert pebble'). Given its appearance, it is likely a metamorphic quartzite pebble or a hard sandstone pebble.

Dark Igneous Rock (Likely Basalt or Diabase)

Basalt (extrusive igneous rock) or Diabase (intrusive igneous rock - also known as Dolerite), largely composed of plagioclase feldspar, pyroxene (augite), and sometimes olivine and amphibole. Exact mineralogy would require thin section analysis.

Jade

Jadeite or Nephrite

Pearl (Biogenic Mineraloid)

Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) primarily as Aragonite