Mineralogical Simulant

Diorite

Phaneritic intermediate igneous rock

Limonite (Ironstone Concretion)

Limonite (Hydrous Ferric Oxides mixed with Goethite)

Pink Granite

Phaneritic Felsic Igneous Rock

Serpentine (Serpentinite)

Serpentinite rock / Serpentine subgroup ((Mg,Fe,Ni,Al,Zn,Mn)2-3(Si,Al,Fe)2O5(OH)4)

Cubic Zirconia (Simulated Diamond)

Zirconium Dioxide (ZrO2)

Weathered quartz-rich pebble

Likely granitic or feldspathic clast; chiefly quartz (SiO₂) and feldspar

Granite

Intrusive Igneous Rock

Granite

Intrusive igneous rock

Granite

Intrusive Igneous Rock

Flint or chert

Microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂), likely gray chert/flint

Chert or flint nodule

Microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂), commonly chalcedony with possible opaline silica

Faceted color-change gemstone, likely synthetic alexandrite or glass imitation

Alexandrite: chrysoberyl, BeAl₂O₄; exact identification requires gemological testing

Iron-rich sandstone (ferruginous sandstone)

Quartz-rich sandstone cemented or stained by iron oxides, commonly hematite (Fe₂O₃) and goethite (FeO(OH))

Amphibolite (likely)

Amphibolite, composed mainly of hornblende-group amphibole and plagioclase feldspar

Iron-oxide-rich breccia or weathered ironstone

Hematite–goethite ironstone, likely brecciated and quartz-bearing

Rhyolite (possibly porphyritic and altered)

Volcanic felsic rock; primarily quartz, alkali feldspar, plagioclase, and volcanic glass, with iron-oxide alteration

Weathered iron-rich sandstone or ironstone cobble

Ferruginous sandstone/ironstone, chiefly quartz (SiO₂) cemented or stained by iron oxides and hydroxides

Dark mafic rock, likely basalt

Basalt; primarily plagioclase feldspar and pyroxene, commonly with olivine and iron oxides

Likely basalt or dark mafic rock fragment

Basalt; primarily plagioclase feldspar and pyroxene, commonly with olivine and iron oxides

Tumbled goldstone-like quartz pebble

Likely iron-stained quartz or jasper; exact identification requires testing

Icy Jadeite (Jade Bangle)

Jadeite, NaAlSi2O6 (Pyroxene group)

Amygdaloidal basalt pebble

Vesicular basalt, locally calcite- or quartz-filled amygdales

Weathered iron-rich rock, possibly limonite-bearing basalt or ironstone

Undetermined; likely iron oxides/hydroxides (goethite–hematite–limonite) in a silicate host

Optical Calcite (Iceland Spar)

Calcite (Calcium Carbonate, CaCO3)

Polished dark green stone (likely serpentine or greenstone)

Serpentine-group mineral aggregate, commonly antigorite/lizardite; identification is uncertain from the image

Banded Calcite (Mexican Onyx)

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Faceted clear gemstone in an ornate ring

Likely colorless cubic zirconia (zirconium dioxide, ZrO₂); the image is insufficient to distinguish it from diamond or glass

Banded gneiss cobble

Gneiss, typically quartz–feldspar–mica assemblage

Crushed Stone (Gravel/Aggregates)

Crushed rock aggregate (varied composition including Granite, Limestone, and Quartz)

Dalmatian jasper (often sold as Dalmatian stone)

Quartz-bearing leucocratic alkali-feldspar–aegirine/arfvedsonite porphyritic rock; commercial “jasper” designation

Clear faceted gemstone, likely cubic zirconia

Synthetic zirconium dioxide (ZrO₂), probably cubic zirconia; exact identification requires testing

Greenstone (likely chlorite-rich metamorphic rock)

Chlorite schist/greenstone; possible actinolite- or epidote-bearing assemblage

Weathered greenstone (altered mafic rock)

Greenschist-facies metabasalt; typically chlorite, actinolite, epidote, and albite

Weathered iron-rich rock, likely magnetite-bearing basalt or ironstone

Basalt/ironstone mixture dominated by iron oxides, chiefly magnetite (Fe3O4) and hematite (Fe2O3)

Quartz-rich metamorphic rock, likely quartzite

Quartzite; predominantly crystalline SiO₂, possibly with mica or feldspar

Fossilized shell, likely brachiopod or bivalve

Indeterminate fossil shell; possible Spiriferida brachiopod or thick-shelled bivalve

Tumbled azurite–malachite or blue jasper (tentative)

Likely azurite-bearing copper mineral aggregate; composition commonly Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂ with associated malachite Cu₂CO₃(OH)₂

Tumbled greenstone/serpentinite pebble

Serpentinite, chiefly antigorite/lizardite Mg₃Si₂O₅(OH)₄; identification is visual and uncertain

Polished blue-green feldspar-rich slab, likely amazonite

Amazonite, green microcline (KAlSi₃O₈), possibly with quartz and albite inclusions

Colorless faceted gemstone, likely cubic zirconia

Cubic zirconia (synthetic ZrO₂), possibly glass or quartz

Greenstone (altered volcanic rock)

Chlorite–epidote–actinolite-bearing metabasalt (tentative identification)

Fossil ammonite

Ammonoidea; likely a chambered ammonite mold/cast