Sedimentary (Imitation)

Pearl

Aragonite / Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Tumbled green agate (likely moss or chalcedony agate)

Cryptocrystalline quartz, SiO₂; likely green chalcedony with possible chlorite or iron inclusions

Iridescent polished labradorite cabochon

Labradorite, a calcium–sodium feldspar: approximately (Ca,Na)(Al,Si)₄O₈

Pearls

Pearl: biomineralized aragonite (CaCO₃) and conchiolin

Turquoise jewelry setting

Turquoise, CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O

Red carnelian beads

Carnelian, orange-red chalcedony (microcrystalline quartz, SiO₂)

Carved greenstone figure

Likely nephrite jade (jadeite is a possible alternative), mainly amphibole-group minerals

Ruby in Zoisite

Anyolite (Zoisite with Corundum)

Amber

Succinite (Resin)

Polished amber

Amber (fossilized plant resin; commonly succinite, C10H16O)

Dyed blue howlite or magnesite cabochon

Howlite (Ca₂B₅SiO₉(OH)₅), possibly magnesite (MgCO₃), artificially dyed blue

Turquoise

Hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminium [CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O]

Red corundum gemstone (likely synthetic ruby)

Ruby: corundum, aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃), chromium-colored; likely lab-grown material

Red faceted gemstone ring

Likely synthetic ruby or red spinel; exact identification requires testing

Blue-green cabochon, likely chalcedony or treated glass imitation

Cryptocrystalline quartz (chalcedony/possibly chrysoprase); identification uncertain from image

Polished amber

Fossilized tree resin (primarily organic polymerized diterpenes)

Turquoise (likely Sleeping Beauty variety or treated Howlite imitation)

Hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminium, CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O

Green Aventurine

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with inclusions of Fuchsite

Turquoise

CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O (Hydrous phosphate of copper and aluminum)

Pearl

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) in the form of Aragonite

Turquoise

Hydrated copper-aluminum phosphate, CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O

Faceted clear gemstone, likely quartz or glass imitation

Most likely quartz (SiO₂); exact identification requires refractive-index and hardness tests

Polished amber (likely copal or amber imitation)

Amber: fossilized tree resin, chiefly polymerized succinic resin; copal is younger, incompletely polymerized resin

Green aventurine (probable)

Quartzite dominated by quartz (SiO₂), with green fuchsite mica inclusions

Red Coral (Precious Coral)

Corallium rubrum (Calcium Carbonate, CaCO3)

Carved nephrite jade pendant

Nephrite jade; interlocking tremolite–actinolite amphibole, Ca₂(Mg,Fe)₅Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂

Turquoise bracelet

Turquoise, CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O

Tumbled carnelian agate

Cryptocrystalline chalcedony (SiO₂), an iron-colored variety of agate

White chalcedony cabochon ring

Chalcedony (microcrystalline quartz, SiO₂), likely white quartz variety

Gold nugget or gold-bearing fragment

Native gold (Au), possibly gold-colored metal or coated material

Carved turquoise arrowhead/pendant

Turquoise, hydrated copper aluminum phosphate — CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O

Blue faceted gemstone ring, likely synthetic sapphire or blue topaz

Uncertain from image; possible corundum (Al₂O₃) or topaz (Al₂SiO₄(F,OH)₂)

Green jade-like cabochon pendant

Possibly nephrite (fine-grained tremolite–actinolite); the photo alone cannot confirm the material

Amber cabochon or polished amber-like material

Amber (fossilized plant resin), chiefly C10H16O; possibly resin imitation

Aventurine

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with inclusions of Fuchsite

Natural gold nuggets

Native gold (Au)

Black Pearl (Tahitian Type)

Aragonite / Pinctada margaritifera (CaCO3 + Conchiolin)

Dyed Quartz / Rose Quartz Imitation

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with artificial pigment

Faceted colorless gemstone, likely quartz (rock crystal) or synthetic glass imitation

Quartz: silicon dioxide (SiO₂), trigonal crystal system; exact identity cannot be confirmed visually

Precious Coral

Corallium rubrum (Calcium carbonate with trace carotene)

Turquoise-colored stone bead necklace

Likely turquoise (CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O), but the bead may be dyed or another blue-green stone

White chalcedony (possibly milky quartz) cabochon

Chalcedony, microcrystalline SiO₂; appearance may also represent milky quartz or synthetic imitation