Sedimentary (Imitation)

Yellow faceted gemstone, likely citrine or yellow sapphire

Uncertain; probable quartz (SiO₂) or corundum (Al₂O₃)

Polished labradorite cabochon (probable)

Labradorite, calcium-rich plagioclase feldspar; approximately (Ca,Na)(Al,Si)₄O₈

Tumbled carnelian (orange chalcedony)

Carnelian, a microcrystalline variety of quartz; SiO₂, commonly colored by iron oxides

Tumbled amber

Amber (fossilized plant resin; commonly succinite, C₁₀H₁₆O)

Tumbled yellow chalcedony (likely citrine or yellow jasper)

Cryptocrystalline quartz, SiO₂; exact identification requires testing

Small orange-red tumbled gemstones, likely carnelian

Carnelian, a microcrystalline variety of quartz (SiO₂), typically colored by iron oxides

Amethyst cluster

Quartz, silicon dioxide (SiO₂), purple variety colored mainly by iron impurities and irradiation

Dalmatian jasper

Dalmatian stone, typically a leucocratic alkali-feldspar-rich porphyritic igneous rock with black arfvedsonite or aegirine inclusions

Pearl

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) in the form of orthorhombic Aragonite and Conchiolin

Moonstone

Orthoclase Feldspar (containing Albite lamellae), (KAlSi3O8)

Tumbled turquoise

Turquoise — hydrated copper aluminum phosphate, CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O

Natural or Cultured Pearl

Calcium Carbonate (Aragonite and Conchiolin), CaCO3

Sapphire (Blue)

Corundum (Al2O3)

Blue Sapphire (Synthetic or Man-made Glass Imitation)

Corundum (Al2O3) if natural; Lead-glass or Spinal if synthetic

Tiger’s-eye bracelet/bead segment

Chatoyant quartz (SiO₂), likely brown tiger’s-eye with iron-oxide alteration

Lapis lazuli

Lazurite-bearing rock; mainly lazurite (sulfide-bearing sodalite-group mineral), with calcite and commonly pyrite

Red banded agate bead (likely carnelian or dyed agate)

Microcrystalline quartz, SiO₂ (chalcedony/agate variety)

Amber

Fossilized Tree Resin (Succinite for Baltic varieties)

Blue-green turquoise-like tumbled stone

Turquoise, hydrous copper aluminum phosphate: CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O

Larimar

Pectolite (NaCa2Si3O8(OH))

Lapis Lazuli

Lapis lazuli (Rock composed primarily of Lazurite (Na,Ca)8(AlSiO4)6(S,Cl,SO4,OH)2, Calcite, and Pyrite)

Nephrite Jade

Nephrite (Silicate mineral: Ca2(Mg, Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2)

Amber

Succinite (specifically for Baltic amber; general formula C10H16O)

Blue faceted gemstone, likely sapphire

Corundum (Al₂O₃), likely blue sapphire; identity cannot be confirmed from the photograph alone

Dyed blue howlite cabochon

Howlite, Ca₂B₅SiO₉(OH)₅; commonly dyed vivid blue and sold as “turquenite”

Freshwater Pearl

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) in the form of Aragonite and Calcite

Polished tiger’s eye

Tiger’s eye, a chatoyant variety of quartz (SiO₂) with fibrous crocidolite-derived inclusions

Tumbled carnelian

Carnelian, a red-orange variety of chalcedony (microcrystalline quartz, SiO₂)

Moldavite (rough fragment)

Natural impact glass, chiefly SiO₂ with Al₂O₃ and trace oxides; tektite

Polished tiger’s-eye

Quartz variety, primarily fibrous chalcedony pseudomorph after crocidolite; SiO₂

Amber (fossilized tree resin)

Fossilized plant resin; commonly succinite (not a mineral, largely organic polymer)

Turquoise cabochon ring

Turquoise, hydrated copper–aluminum phosphate: CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O

Polished garnet bead bracelet

Garnet group, likely almandine–pyrope solid solution; commonly approximated as Fe₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃–Mg₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃

Tumbled amethyst

Quartz, SiO₂; purple variety colored mainly by iron-related defects

Polished orange chalcedony pendant

Chalcedony, microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂), likely orange carnelian or orange agate

Tumbled turquoise

Turquoise — hydrated copper aluminum phosphate, CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O

Polished carnelian (red-orange chalcedony)

Carnelian, a cryptocrystalline variety of quartz (SiO₂)

Amethyst (Large Cluster)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with iron impurities

Tumbled turquoise

Turquoise — hydrated copper aluminum phosphate, CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O

Polished turquoise cabochon jewelry (likely composite or stabilized turquoise)

Turquoise, CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O

Tahitian Pearl

Biogenic Calcium Carbonate (Aragonite/Calcite), CaCO3

Pearl (Biogenic Gemstone)

Calcium Carbonate (Aragonite and Calcite) with Conchiolin