Synthetic (Ceramic)

Unidentified polished dark gemstone cabochon

Possibly hematite, obsidian, jet, or dark agate; image insufficient for a definitive identification

Dyed Agate Slice

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with artificial dyes

Diamond (or Cubic Zirconia)

Crystallized Carbon (C) for Diamond; Zirconium Dioxide (ZrO2) for CZ

Note: The image provided is a fabric sock, not a geological specimen.

Polyester-Cotton Blend with Elastane

Blue faceted gemstone, likely synthetic spinel or sapphire

Undetermined from image; possible synthetic corundum (Al₂O₃) or spinel (MgAl₂O₄)

Tumbled milky quartz pebble

Quartz (silicon dioxide, SiO₂), likely milky quartz

Weathered brown rock, possibly iron-rich sandstone or limonite

Tentative: ferruginous sandstone (quartz with iron oxides) or limonite/goethite-rich material

Likely foliated metamorphic rock (quartz-mica schist or gneiss)

Quartz–feldspar–mica metamorphic rock; exact identification requires a fresh surface and tests

Small weathered pebble, possibly limestone

Indeterminate carbonate-rich rock; likely calcite-bearing limestone

Ferruginous Sandstone (Ironstone)

Arenite with Limonite/Goethite cement

Blue-stone and diamond ring

Blue stone is possibly blue sapphire (corundum, Al₂O₃); surrounding stones appear to be diamonds (carbon, C).

Faceted transparent gemstone, likely glass or cubic zirconia

Uncertain from image; possible cubic zirconia (zirconium dioxide, ZrO₂) or glass imitation

Red/pink faceted gemstone, likely synthetic ruby or red glass

Corundum (Al₂O₃) if ruby; identity cannot be confirmed visually

Clear faceted gemstone, likely synthetic cubic zirconia

Cubic zirconia (zirconium dioxide, ZrO₂); visual identification is not definitive and diamond or synthetic moissanite are alternatives

Tumbled black stone, likely basalt

Basalt; fine-grained plagioclase–pyroxene rock, possibly with magnetite

Blue cabochon gemstone, likely synthetic glass or dyed stone

Indeterminate from image; possible glass, synthetic spinel, sodalite, or lapis lazuli

Opalite

Synthetic Glass (Hydrated Silica Simulant)

Blue Goldstone

Synthetic glass with cobalt and copper inclusions

Blue Goldstone

Synthetic Avanturine Glass (or Aventurine Glass)

Opalite

Synthetic Glass (Amorphized Silicon Dioxide)

Lava Stone and Chakra Beads

Basalt (with various mineral/synthetic beads)

Opalite

Synthetic Fluorescent Glass (SiO2 + impurities)

Synthetic Ruby (Jewel Bearings)

Synthetic Corundum (Al2O3 doped with Chromium)

Blue Cracked Quartz (Dyed Fire Crackle Quartz)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with synthetic dye

Pink faceted gemstone ring (stone uncertain)

Possibly tourmaline or glass; image alone cannot establish identity

Faceted colorless gemstone, likely quartz (rock crystal)

Quartz, SiO₂

Emerald in Matrix

Beryl (Be3Al2Si6O18) with Chromium/Vanadium impurities

Smoky Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Blue sapphire (likely synthetic or treated corundum)

Corundum, aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃), blue from iron and titanium impurities

Ruby (mounted cabochon)

Corundum, Al₂O₃; red color typically from chromium

Weathered iron-rich rock, possibly laterite or ironstone

Goethite–hematite-rich ferruginous rock; uncertain without testing

Cubic Zirconia (as a jewelry specimen)

Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2)

Blue Sapphire (likely lab-grown or treated)

Corundum (Aluminum Oxide, Al2O3)

Opalite (a synthetic glass)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with various additives; not a true mineral but a man-made gem simulant

Colorless faceted gemstone (likely cubic zirconia)

Cubic zirconia, ZrO₂ (synthetic zirconium dioxide); possibly synthetic glass or lab-grown diamond

Ruby (Corundum in Ring Setting)

Corundum (Al2O3:Cr)

Malachite

Copper carbonate hydroxide [Cu2CO3(OH)2]

Faceted Diamond or Cubic Zirconia

Carbon (C) for Diamond; Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) for CZ

Blue sapphire ring

Corundum, aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃), blue variety colored mainly by iron and titanium

Blue sapphire

Corundum, aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃), colored blue mainly by iron and titanium

Blue gemstone ring, likely sapphire

Corundum, Al₂O₃ (probable blue sapphire); surrounding stones may be diamonds or simulants

Blue Sapphire

Corundum (Al2O3) with traces of Iron and Titanium