Synthetic (Ceramic)

Coal (Anthracite/Bituminous)

Carbo fossilium (primarily Carbon)

Diamond (or Cubic Zirconia simulant)

Carbon (C) - Diamond / Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) - CZ

Blue Sapphire

Corundum (Al2O3 with trace Titanium and Iron)

Sandstone (likely Fossilized Wood or Concrete Simulacrum)

Arenite / Silicified Wood / Anthropogenic Concrete

Cubic Zirconia

Zirconium Dioxide (ZrO2)

Diamond (Baguette cut)

Carbon (C)

Aquamarine in Onyx / Blue Topaz Pendant

Beryl (Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈) or Topaz (Al₂SiO₄(F,OH)₂)

Ruby (Corundum)

Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) with Chromium traces

Amethyst (faceted gemstone)

Quartz, silicon dioxide (SiO₂), purple variety colored mainly by iron-related defects

Mixed gemstone specimens

Likely pink sapphire or tourmaline, red garnet, blue sapphire, precious opal, and green tourmaline/emerald; exact identities cannot be confirmed from the collage

Smoky Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Synthetic Blue Aura Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Metallic Infusion

Magnetite or Hematite-rich Ore

Magnetite (Fe3O4) or Hematite (Fe2O3)

Ruby

Corundum (Al2O3 with Chromium trace impurities)

Quartz (Smoky Quartz variant)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Tumbled quartz-rich pebble

Quartz (SiO₂), possibly iron-stained milky quartz or quartzite

Chert

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Tumbled pale quartz/chalcedony fragment

Quartz (SiO₂), possibly microcrystalline chalcedony

Lepidolite with Quartz

K(Li,Al)3(Al,Si,Rb)4O10(F,OH)2

Opalite (likely man-made opalescent glass)

Opalite; not a true mineral, typically synthetic opalescent glass (silica-based)

Polished turquoise cabochon pendant

Turquoise, hydrated copper-aluminum phosphate: CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O; likely stabilized or matrix-bearing material

Turquoise

Hydrated copper aluminum phosphate, CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O

Tumbled amber

Amber (fossilized plant resin; predominantly polymerized diterpenoid resin)

Green cabochon gemstone, likely aventurine or dyed chalcedony

Indeterminate from image; possible quartz variety (SiO₂), including aventurine quartz or chalcedony

Blue Goldstone

Synthetic Aventurescent Glass (Cobalt-doped soda-lime glass)

Ammolite

Biogenic gemstone (Aragonite, CaCO3)

Goldstone (Synthetic Aventurescence Glass)

Cuprous Aventurescent Glass (Silicon Dioxide with Copper inclusions)

Emerald

Beryl (Be3Al2(SiO3)6) with Chromium/Vanadium impurities

Tumbled amethyst

Amethyst, purple quartz (SiO₂), colored by trace iron and irradiation

Tumbled amethyst

Quartz, crystalline silicon dioxide (SiO₂), purple variety colored mainly by iron impurities and irradiation

Garden Quartz (Lodalite)

Silicon Dioxide with various mineral inclusions (SiO2)

Blue faceted gemstone, likely synthetic sapphire or blue glass

Corundum (Al₂O₃) if sapphire; identity cannot be confirmed visually

Likely silicon carbide (carborundum)

Synthetic silicon carbide (SiC), likely blue-green crystalline grit

Colorless faceted gemstone, likely glass or quartz

Uncertain; possibly quartz (SiO₂), but the strong uniform brilliance and apparent molded/faceted form may indicate leaded glass or cubic zirconia

Goldstone (Brown)

Aventurine Glass (Silicon Dioxide infused with Copper crystals)

Painted River Rock

Anthropogenic-modified Siliciclastic Sedimentary Rock

Dyed Agate

Chalcedony (SiO2)

Turquoise cabochon

Turquoise, hydrated copper aluminum phosphate — CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O

Green beryl gemstone (likely emerald or green beryl)

Beryl, Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈; green color from chromium/vanadium or iron

Blue cabochon gemstone ring

Likely blue turquoise, glass-filled sapphire, or blue spinel; exact identification requires testing

Polished hematite bead necklace

Hematite (iron(III) oxide, Fe₂O₃), likely polished beads

Clear Quartz (Faceted) / White Sapphire / Goshenite

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) / Aluminium Oxide (Al2O3)