Synthetic (Man Made Glass)

Plastic Building Toy (Lego-style piece)

Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)

White seed-bead gemstone strand, likely freshwater pearl or shell pearl

Pearl: nacreous calcium carbonate, chiefly aragonite (CaCO₃) in conchiolin; identification uncertain from image

Tumbled green glassy mineral, possibly aventurine or fluorite

Uncertain; likely quartz variety (aventurine quartz, SiO₂) or green fluorite (CaF₂)

Smoky Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Chert

Chert (Microcrystalline Quartz)

Obsidian

Volcanic Glass (SiO2)

Diamond

Carbon (C)

Green obsidian (likely moldavite)

Natural volcanic glass; if extraterrestrial-impact glass, moldavite (tektite)

Cubic Zirconia

Cubic Zirconium Dioxide (ZrO2)

Blue cabochon gemstone ring

Likely blue turquoise, glass-filled sapphire, or blue spinel; exact identification requires testing

Chert or Jasper

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Smoky Quartz

Smoky Quartz (Silicon Dioxide - SiO2)

Opal cabochon or opal-like decorative specimen

Hydrated amorphous silica, SiO₂·nH₂O; likely synthetic or assembled opal material

Flint

SiO2 (Cryptocrystalline Quartz)

Blue Sapphire

Corundum (Al2O3 with trace Titanium and Iron)

Dyed Alum or Dyed Quartz (Ornamental Crystal)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) or Potassium Alum [KAl(SO4)2·12H2O]

Pearl

Biogenic CaCO3 (Aragonite and Calcite)

Parti Sapphire

Corundum (Al2O3)

Mixed polished gemstone and mineral collection

Primarily quartz varieties (SiO₂), plus probable aventurine, rose quartz, amethyst, agate, jasper, serpentine, feldspar, and possibly dyed or man-made glass pieces

Ruby

Corundum (Al2O3)

Weathered chert or chalcedony nodule

Microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂), possibly silicified limestone or agate-like chalcedony

Chert (Flint / Quartz Nodule)

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Polished black stone sphere (likely black basalt or black tourmaline)

Most likely fine-grained basalt (plagioclase–pyroxene); mineral identification is uncertain from the image alone

Rose Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Faceted transparent gemstone pendant

Uncertain from image; likely faceted quartz (SiO₂), cubic zirconia (ZrO₂), or glass imitation

Iridescent polished/tumbled stone (likely coated quartz or glassy synthetic material)

Indeterminate; possibly quartz (SiO₂) with an artificial iridescent coating

Diamond (in a jewelry setting)

Diamond (Carbon, C)

Green Slag Glass

Cullet (Amorphous Silicon Dioxide with impurities)

Synthetic opal cabochon/bead

Opal-like hydrated amorphous silica; likely lab-created polymer–silica opal or Gilson synthetic opal (SiO₂·nH₂O)

Dyed Quartz Pendant

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with artificial dye

Turquoise

CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O

Silicon

Element Si

Lapis Lazuli

Lazurite-rich metamorphic rock (approx. Na6Ca2(Al6Si6O24)(S,SO4,Cl)1,2)

Chert (varietal: Flint/Jasper)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Chert (Jasper variety)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Citrine

Citrine (Silicon Dioxide, SiO2)

Small metallic-looking mineral/rock fragment

Indeterminate from image; possibly galena, hematite, or metallic slag

Malaysian 50 Sen Coin

Coinage (specific alloy unknown without metallurgical analysis, but typically brass or bronze for this denomination and era)

Chert (Flint)

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Chert (specifically Jasper or Flint)

Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Chert (Flint)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Sandstone

Arenite (SiO2, often with CaCO3 or Fe2O3 cement)