Synthetic Polymer (Synthetic Material)

Cobalt Glass Slug (Man-made Glass)

Amorphous Silica with Cobalt Oxide (SiO2 + CoO)

Bismuth

Bismuth (Bi)

Painted River Rock

Polished fluvial clast with acrylic/synthetic pigment coating

Cubic Zirconia (CZ)

Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2)

Blue Sapphire

Corundum (Al2O3)

Diamond ring

Diamond, crystalline carbon (C), likely a faceted mounted stone

Red-orange cabochon, likely carnelian or glass imitation

Carnelian: chalcedony (microcrystalline SiO₂), commonly iron-colored

Blue slag glass / industrial glass fragment

Artificial silicate glass, composition variable; likely copper- or cobalt-colored furnace slag

Ruby ring (likely synthetic ruby)

Corundum, Al₂O₃; red color from chromium. The image alone cannot establish whether the stone is natural or lab-grown.

Faceted clear gemstone, likely quartz (rock crystal)

Quartz, silicon dioxide (SiO₂); exact identity is uncertain because the strong flash and cut obscure diagnostic features

Blue sapphire ring

Corundum (aluminum oxide, Al₂O₃), likely heat-treated sapphire

K2 Stone (or K2 Jasper)

Azurite-in-Granite (Potassium Feldspar, Quartz, Plagioclase, Muscovite, and Azurite)

Tumbled hematite

Hematite (iron(III) oxide, Fe₂O₃)

Gemstone jewelry ensemble

Likely mixed gemstone and glass-bead jewelry; exact stones cannot be determined from the image

Blue faceted gemstones, likely blue sapphire

Corundum (Al₂O₃), blue varieties colored chiefly by iron and titanium

Pink faceted gemstone, likely synthetic cubic zirconia or pink sapphire

Uncertain from image; possible zirconium dioxide (cubic zirconia, ZrO₂) or corundum (pink sapphire, Al₂O₃)

Lapis Lazuli

Lapis lazuli (Rock composed primarily of Lazurite (Na,Ca)8(AlSiO4)6(S,Cl,SO4,OH)2, Calcite, and Pyrite)

Emerald in Matrix

Beryl (Be3Al2Si6O18) with trace amounts of Chromium/Vanadium

Man-made Jewelry Charm (Enameled Metal)

Not a natural mineral; composed of base metal alloy (likely zinc or brass) and epoxy resin/enamel.

Diamond (or synthetic simulant)

Cubic C (Carbon)

Opalite (likely man-made glass)

Opalite; amorphous silica glass, not a natural mineral

Purple faceted gemstone, likely amethyst or synthetic colored corundum

Amethyst: quartz (SiO₂); possible alternative: purple corundum (Al₂O₃) or glass

Opalite

Man-made Glass (Synthetic Opalized Glass)

Blue Sapphire

Corundum (Al2O3 with Cr, Fe, and Ti trace elements)

Pink amethyst or pale pink quartz gemstone

Quartz, SiO₂; pink coloration may result from microscopic inclusions or irradiation-related defects

Blue resin-coated or dyed stone cabochon

Likely dyed chalcedony/agate (microcrystalline quartz, SiO₂); exact material is uncertain from the image

Opalite

Man-made opalescent glass

Quartz (Druzy / Goldstone Gemstone Cabochon)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Colorless faceted gemstone, likely cubic zirconia

Synthetic cubic zirconia (zirconium dioxide, ZrO₂); identity is visual and not definitive

Bismuth Crystal

Bismuth (element symbol Bi, atomic number 83)

Botryoidal hematite (specular hematite)

Hematite, Fe₂O₃

Pearls (likely freshwater cultured pearls)

Pearl: nacre, primarily aragonite (CaCO₃) with conchiolin

Blue Sapphire (in a faceted jewelry setting)

Corundum (Al2O3) with trace Iron and Titanium

Ruby

Corundum (Al2O3)

Ruby

Corundum (Al2O3 with Chromium)

Dyed turquoise bead

Turquoise, CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O; likely stabilized or reconstructed turquoise

Colorless faceted gemstone, likely cubic zirconia

Cubic zirconia (synthetic ZrO₂), possibly glass or quartz

Polished pink quartz cabochon

Quartz (SiO₂), likely rose quartz or included quartz

Faceted blue gemstone ring, likely synthetic spinel or glass; identity uncertain

Possibly synthetic blue spinel (MgAl₂O₄) or laboratory sapphire (Al₂O₃); the clear side stones may be cubic zirconia or glass

Orange cabochon gemstone, likely amber or amber-like resin

Natural amber: fossilized plant resin (organic mineraloid), commonly succinite; exact identification requires testing

Ruby

Corundum (Al2O3 with Chromium traces)

Blue Sapphire

Corundum (Al2O3)