Mineralogical Simulant

Gneiss (specifically a granitic gneiss cobble)

Gneiss (high-grade regional metamorphic rock)

Mica Schist

Mica Schist (primarily Muscovite or Biotite)

Quartzite

Quartzite (SiO2)

Gneiss

Gneiss

Diamond (or Cubic Zirconia simulant)

Carbon (C) or Zirconium Dioxide (ZrO2)

Chert (Green River Chert)

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Granite

Phaneritic Igneous Rock (Granite)

Granite

Intrusive Phaneritic Felsic Igneous Rock

Mica Schist (with Golden/Biotite inclusions)

K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(F,OH)2 (Biotite), KAl2(AlSi3O10)(F,OH)2 (Muscovite)

Dendritic Agate (or Dendritic Opal)

SiO2 (for Agate), SiO2·nH2O (for Opal)

Vesicular Basalt (Scoria)

Extrusive Mafic Volcanic Rock (FeO-SiO2-MgO)

Hematite

Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)

Sapphire

Corundum (Al2O3)

Howlite

Howlite (Calcium borosilicate hydroxide, Ca2B5SiO9(OH)5)

Cubic Zirconia (Diamond Simulant)

Zirconium Dioxide (ZrO2)

Granite (Dioritic or Hornblende-rich)

Phaneritic Plutonic Felsic to Intermediate Igneous Rock

Diamond (or Diamond Simulant/Cubic Zirconia)

Carbon (C) - if diamond, or Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) - if Cubic Zirconia

Diamond (Set in jewelry)

Cubic Carbon (C)

Hypersthene

(Mg,Fe)SiO3 - Enstatite-Ferrosilite series

Diamond (in jewelry)

Carbon (C)

Sapphire

Corundum (Al2O3)

Chert (specifically Silex or Flint)

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Diamond (appearing in jewelry)

Diamond (pure Carbon, C)

Diamond (in Jewelry)

Diamond (Carbon, C)

Granite

Granite

Ocean Jasper (Orbicular Jasper)

Silica (SiO2) with varied mineral inclusions

Drill Core Sample

Cylindrical Rock Core (Specific mineralogy varies by extraction site)

Schist

Schist (various mineralogical compositions including mica, chlorite, talc, etc.)

Rose Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with trace amounts of titanium, iron, or manganese

Banded River Rock / Gneiss (highly weathered)

Gneiss

Jade

Jade can refer to two distinct minerals: Nephrite (a variety of the mineral actinolite, Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2) and Jadeite (Na(Al,Fe3+)Si2O6). Based on the image, showing a relatively uniform green color and possibly slight translucence in bead form, it is very likely one of these, but determining which one from a photo is difficult without specific testing.

Diamond (or high-quality simulant like Cubic Zirconia)

Carbon (C) - Native Element

Prasiolite and Quartz Crystal Cluster

Quartz (SiO2); Prasiolite is a variety of Quartz

Dyed Pink Quartzite (Jadeite Simulant)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with organic dye

Gneiss

Gneiss (a type of metamorphic rock)

Brick

Fired clay or Ceramic material (no specific mineralogical scientific name as it's a composite)

Desert Rose Fragment (Atypical) / Weathered Chert

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) or Barium Sulfate (BaSO4) depending on exact mineralogy

Banded Gneiss

Gneiss (Metamorphic rock of variable mineralogy, often quartz-feldspar base)

Sugilite

Sugilite (KNa2(Fe,Mn,Al)2Li3Si12O30)

Jewelry Chain with Blue and Clear Gemstones (Likely Cubic Zirconia)

Cubic Zirconia (ZrO₂), Silver or White Gold/Platinum Alloy

Opalite (a synthetic glass)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with various additives; not a true mineral but a man-made gem simulant

Porphyritic Rhyolite or Andesite (Porphyry)

Porphyritic igneous rock (Composition depends on exact mineralogy, often Rhyolite or Andesite)