Mineralogical Simulant

Weathered rhyolitic tuff or altered volcanic rock

Felsic volcanic tuff, likely devitrified or hydrothermally altered

Hematite / Goethite (Iron Ore)

Iron Oxide (Fe2O3 / FeO(OH))

Faceted color-change gemstone, likely synthetic alexandrite or glass imitation

Alexandrite: chrysoberyl, BeAl₂O₄; exact identification requires gemological testing

Red Granite

Phaneritic Felsic Intrusive Igneous Rock (primarily K-feldspar, Quartz, and Biotite)

Red Granite

Phaneritic Plutonic Rock (High Potassium Feldspar)

Diamond jewelry

Diamond (crystalline carbon, C)

Dyed howlite or turquoise imitation

Howlite: Ca₂B₅SiO₉(OH)₅; turquoise: CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O

Diamond ring

Diamond (crystalline carbon, C)

Limonite (Ironstone Concretion)

Limonite (Hydrous Ferric Oxides mixed with Goethite)

Pink Granite

Phaneritic Felsic Igneous Rock

Polished blue-green feldspar-rich slab, likely amazonite

Amazonite, green microcline (KAlSi₃O₈), possibly with quartz and albite inclusions

Cubic Zirconia (Simulated Diamond)

Zirconium Dioxide (ZrO2)

Weathered greenstone / serpentinite (probable)

Serpentinite, chiefly antigorite–lizardite Mg₃Si₂O₅(OH)₄; possibly altered mafic greenstone

Quartz (Iron-stained)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Polished dark green stone (likely serpentine or greenstone)

Serpentine-group mineral aggregate, commonly antigorite/lizardite; identification is uncertain from the image

Rounded iron-rich pebble

Likely ferruginous sandstone or ironstone; exact identification requires testing

Colorless faceted gemstone, likely cubic zirconia

Cubic zirconia (synthetic ZrO₂), possibly glass or quartz

Diamond (Faceted)

Carbon (C)

Optical Calcite (Iceland Spar)

Calcite (Calcium Carbonate, CaCO3)

Iron-oxide-rich breccia or weathered ironstone

Hematite–goethite ironstone, likely brecciated and quartz-bearing

Rhyolite (possibly porphyritic and altered)

Volcanic felsic rock; primarily quartz, alkali feldspar, plagioclase, and volcanic glass, with iron-oxide alteration

Weathered iron-rich sandstone or ironstone cobble

Ferruginous sandstone/ironstone, chiefly quartz (SiO₂) cemented or stained by iron oxides and hydroxides

Dark mafic rock, likely basalt

Basalt; primarily plagioclase feldspar and pyroxene, commonly with olivine and iron oxides

Gabbro

Gabbro (composed mainly of calcium-rich plagioclase feldspar and pyroxene)

Weathered green metamorphic rock, possibly serpentinite or greenstone

Likely serpentinite (serpentine-group minerals) or chlorite/epidote-rich greenschist; exact identification requires testing

Dark gray fine-grained stone, likely basalt

Basalt; primarily plagioclase feldspar and pyroxene, commonly with minor olivine and iron oxides

Weathered metal-rich igneous rock, likely basalt or komatiitic peridotite

Probable altered mafic–ultramafic rock containing pyroxene/amphibole, olivine, iron oxides, and possible metallic sulfides

Mica-rich pegmatitic granite

Granitic pegmatite, chiefly quartz, feldspar, and muscovite/biotite mica

Serpentine-bearing metamorphic rock (likely chromite/vesuvianite-bearing serpentinite)

Serpentinite, chiefly serpentine-group minerals [(Mg,Fe)₃Si₂O₅(OH)₄], with dark accessory minerals

Serpentinized ultramafic rock with magnesite

Serpentinite, chiefly serpentine-group minerals (Mg₃Si₂O₅(OH)₄), with likely magnesite (MgCO₃) and minor chromite/magnetite

Quartzite

Quartzite (primarily SiO2)

Altered volcanic rock, possibly andesite

Likely porphyritic andesite or dacite with secondary chlorite/epidote and quartz–calcite veins

Weathered iron-rich rock, possibly limonite-bearing basalt or ironstone

Undetermined; likely iron oxides/hydroxides (goethite–hematite–limonite) in a silicate host

Serpentinite (likely serpentinized ultramafic rock)

Serpentine-group minerals, chiefly antigorite/lizardite; commonly derived from peridotite

Polished septarian nodule

Septarian concretion, commonly calcite/aragonite with brown iron-oxide or siderite veins in a clay-rich matrix

Banded gneiss cobble

Gneiss, typically quartz–feldspar–mica assemblage

Crushed Stone (Gravel/Aggregates)

Crushed rock aggregate (varied composition including Granite, Limestone, and Quartz)

Granite

Phaneritic Igneous Rock (Granite)

Granite

Intrusive Phaneritic Felsic Igneous Rock

Quartzite

Quartzite (SiO2)

Blue sapphire ring

Corundum, aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃), blue variety colored mainly by iron and titanium

Polished green serpentine

Serpentinite, chiefly antigorite/lizardite Mg₃Si₂O₅(OH)₄