Mineralogical Simulant

Cubic Zirconia (CZ)

Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2)

Banded Gneiss (with Quartz Vein)

Gneiss (Metamorphic rock of varying mineralogy)

Greenstone (likely altered basalt)

Greenschist-facies metabasalt; commonly composed of chlorite, actinolite, epidote, and albite

Diamond bracelet (gold-set)

Diamond, crystalline carbon (C); gold alloy setting

Serpentine (Greenstone)

Antigorite, Lizardite, and Chrysolite mixture (Mg3Si2O5(OH)4)

Potassium feldspar

Orthoclase or microcline; KAlSi₃O₈

Granite

Granite (phaneitic intrusive igneous rock)

Gneiss

Gneiss (High-grade regional metamorphic rock)

Granodiorite

Granodiorite (Intermediate intrusive igneous rock)

Granite Gneiss

Felsic Gneiss (composed of Quartz, Feldspar, and Biotite)

Diorite

Diorite (Intermediate intrusive igneous rock)

Gneiss

Quartz–feldspar–mica gneiss

Faceted glass-like gemstone (likely synthetic quartz or cubic zirconia)

Identification uncertain; possibilities include synthetic quartz (SiO₂) or cubic zirconia (ZrO₂)

Faceted colorless gemstone, likely quartz or glass imitation

Most likely quartz (SiO₂), though the strong glare and visible facet pattern could indicate cubic zirconia or lead glass

Rounded river pebble (likely weathered granite or metamorphic rock)

Indeterminate; possible granitic or quartz-rich lithology

Chalcopyrite

Copper Iron Sulfide (CuFeS2)

Schist (likely Mica Schist)

Mica Schist

Emerald (cut gemstone)

Beryl, Be₃Al₂(SiO₃)₆; green color typically from chromium and/or vanadium

Iron-rich concretion or slag-like rock

Goethite–hematite limonite concretion, possibly iron slag

Eclogite

Eclogite (Omphacite-Garnet rock)

Amphibolite

Amphibolite (rich in amphibole and plagioclase feldspar)

Quartzite

Quartzite (SiO2)

Granite

Phaneritic Igneous Rock (composed primarily of Quartz, Alkali Feldspar, and Plagioclase)

Granite

Granite (Felsic intrusive igneous rock)

Gneiss

High-grade Metamorphic Gneiss

Small rounded pebble

Indeterminate lithic clast; likely weathered quartzite, sandstone, or chert

Orbicular jasper

Orbicular jasper (microcrystalline quartz/chalcedony with iron-oxide and volcanic inclusions)

Tumbled yellow quartz-rich stone, likely yellow jasper or quartzite

Jasper/quartzite; mainly microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂), with iron-oxide staining

Tumbled serpentine

Serpentinite; chiefly serpentine-group minerals (antigorite, lizardite, chrysotile)

Tumbled lepidolite-rich pegmatite (probable)

Lepidolite, K(Li,Al)3(Si,Al)4O10(F,OH)2, in a granitic pegmatite matrix

Likely polished copper-bearing mineral specimen (possibly chrysocolla with iron-oxide staining)

Chrysocolla, Cu₂H₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄·nH₂O; identification uncertain from image

Quartz-rich breccia or vein quartz with iron staining

Microcrystalline to crystalline SiO₂, likely quartz with iron oxides/hydroxides and altered host rock

Garnet-set gold ring

Likely almandine garnet, Fe₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃; the image does not establish the stone’s identity or treatment

Yellow jasper or polished yellow chalcedony

Microcrystalline quartz, SiO₂, likely iron-stained jasper/chalcedony

Diamond-set earring

Diamond (carbon, C); crystal structure: cubic

Cut diamond tennis-chain jewelry

Diamond, crystalline carbon (C), cubic crystal system

Porphyritic Basalt or Rhyolite Porphyry

Igneous porphyritic rock

Greenstone (Metabalt)

Chlorite-actinolite schist (Greenstone)

Rhyolite

Extrusive felsic igneous rock

Brown chert or flint pebble

Microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂), commonly with chalcedony and iron-oxide staining

Weathered iron-rich rock (likely ironstone or limonite-bearing concretion)

Goethite–hematite–limonite mixture, commonly written FeO(OH) ± Fe₂O₃

Dalmatian jasper

Spotted rhyolite (commercially called Dalmatian jasper), chiefly quartz and feldspar with black aegirine/arfvedsonite inclusions