Mineralogical Simulant

Howlite

Howlite (Calcium borosilicate hydroxide, Ca2B5SiO9(OH)5)

Polished greenstone pebble (likely epidote-bearing stone)

Epidote–chlorite amphibolite or altered basalt; composition likely epidote, chlorite, amphibole/pyroxene, and iron oxides

Granite

Granite (Phaneritic igneous rock)

Granite

Phaneritic Igneous Rock (composed primarily of Quartz SiO2, Alkali Feldspar, and Plagioclase)

Granite

Granite (Felsic Plutonic Rock)

Quartzite

Metamorphosed Quartz Sandstone (SiO2)

Banded Gneiss (with Quartz Vein)

Gneiss (Metamorphic rock of varying mineralogy)

Tumbled gray stone, likely serpentinite or weathered basalt

Tentatively serpentinite (predominantly serpentine-group minerals); identification is uncertain from the photograph

Flint or chert

Microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂), likely gray chert/flint

Chert or flint nodule

Microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂), commonly chalcedony with possible opaline silica

Gneiss

Gneiss (High-grade Regional Metamorphic Rock)

Reddish-brown crystalline rock, possibly weathered granite or garnet-bearing schist

Indeterminate; likely quartz–feldspar–mica rock with iron oxides, potentially garnet-bearing

Greenstone / River Jadeite pebble

Metavolcanic rock / Chlorite or Actinolite-rich schist

Serpentinite

Serpentinite (composed primarily of Serpentine minerals: Mg3Si2O5(OH)4)

Pink Cubic Zirconia (CZ)

Zirconium Dioxide (ZrO2)

Faceted colorless gemstone, likely diamond

Diamond (crystalline carbon, C)

Blue sapphire ring

Corundum (aluminum oxide, Al₂O₃), likely heat-treated sapphire

Weathered quartz-rich pebble

Likely granitic or feldspathic clast; chiefly quartz (SiO₂) and feldspar

Granite

Intrusive Igneous Rock

Granite

Intrusive igneous rock

Granite

Intrusive Igneous Rock

Likely gabbro or basaltic rock fragments

Mafic igneous rock, chiefly plagioclase feldspar and pyroxene; exact identification requires testing

Diorite Gneiss

Foliated Diorite Gneiss

Tumbled green aventurine (likely)

Quartzite dominated by quartz (SiO₂), with green fuchsite mica inclusions

Polished labradorite

Labradorite, calcium-rich plagioclase feldspar; approximately (Ca,Na)(Al,Si)₄O₈

Polished serpentinite pebble

Serpentinite; primarily serpentine-group minerals (Mg3Si2O5(OH)4), with possible magnetite and talc

Polished pink-and-green feldspar-bearing rock, likely unakite or aventurine granite

Unakite-like epidote–feldspar–quartz aggregate; composition commonly K-feldspar + quartz + epidote

Diamond (or Cubic Zirconia simulant)

Carbon (C) - Diamond / Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) - CZ

Loose faceted colorless gemstones, likely quartz or glass-like mineral chips

Most consistent with quartz (SiO₂), though the photograph cannot exclude synthetic cubic zirconia or glass

Tumbled goldstone-like quartz pebble

Likely iron-stained quartz or jasper; exact identification requires testing

Tumbled mica-rich stone, likely muscovite schist

Muscovite-bearing quartz schist; chiefly muscovite mica, quartz, and possibly feldspar

Pale-green schist fragment

Chlorite–sericite schist, possibly containing epidote or actinolite

Limonite with Quartz

FeO(OH)·nH2O (Limonite) with SiO2 (Quartz)

Banded Calcite (Mexican Onyx)

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Dragon Blood Jasper

Microcrystalline Quartz (Chalcedony) with Epidote and Piemontite

Snowflake Obsidian

Volcanic Glass with Cristobalite inclusions

Diamond (or Cubic Zirconia simulant)

Carbon (C) or Zirconium Dioxide (ZrO2)

Fossilized shell, likely brachiopod or bivalve

Indeterminate fossil shell; possible Spiriferida brachiopod or thick-shelled bivalve

Tumbled azurite–malachite or blue jasper (tentative)

Likely azurite-bearing copper mineral aggregate; composition commonly Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂ with associated malachite Cu₂CO₃(OH)₂

Dalmatian jasper (often sold as Dalmatian stone)

Quartz-bearing leucocratic alkali-feldspar–aegirine/arfvedsonite porphyritic rock; commercial “jasper” designation

Cubic Zirconia (Diamond Simulant)

Zirconium Dioxide (ZrO2)

Diamond ring

Diamond, crystalline carbon (C)