Mineralogical Simulant

Green-and-gold apatite-bearing rock, possibly epidote skarn

Apatite-group mineral, commonly fluorapatite (Ca₅(PO₄)₃F), with probable epidote and quartz; exact identification requires testing

Banded ironstone (likely)

Iron-rich, silica-bearing rock; possibly a fragment of banded iron formation (BIF)

Optical Calcite

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Limestone or Sandstone Cobble

Sedimentary rock (Calcium carbonate or Quartz based)

Iron-stained metamorphic rock, likely schist or quartzite

Quartz–mica–iron oxide rock; probable muscovite/biotite schist or ferruginous quartzite

Colorless faceted gemstone (most likely synthetic cubic zirconia)

Cubic zirconia, ZrO₂ (likely synthetic); natural alternatives include quartz or diamond

Blue Howlite (Dyed)

Calcium Borosilicate Hydroxide (Ca2B5SiO9(OH)5)

Serpentine

Serpentine group, including Antigorite, Lizardite, and Chrysotile (Mg,Fe,Ni,Al,Zn,Mn)2-3(Si,Al,Fe)2O5(OH)4

Diamond engagement ring

Diamond, crystalline carbon (C)

Diamond ring

Diamond, crystalline carbon (C), set in a likely precious-metal ring

Greenstone / altered mafic rock

Likely chlorite–actinolite schist or metabasalt; exact identification requires testing

Raw ruby (likely corundum)

Corundum, Al₂O₃; red varieties are ruby

Diamond ring

Diamond (crystalline carbon, C) set in a metal band; the small stones may be diamonds or simulants.

Emerald and diamond ring

Emerald: beryl, Be3Al2Si6O18, colored green by chromium and/or vanadium; surrounding stones appear to be diamonds, crystalline carbon (C)

Colorless faceted gemstone, likely diamond

Diamond; crystalline carbon (C)

Faceted colorless gemstone, likely diamond

Diamond, crystalline carbon (C); identity cannot be confirmed from the photo

Turquoise-bead jewelry

Turquoise, CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O; the beads may be natural turquoise or a stabilized/imitation material

Faceted clear gemstone, likely quartz (rock crystal)

Quartz, silicon dioxide (SiO₂); exact identity is uncertain because the strong flash and cut obscure diagnostic features

Green gemstone ring, likely emerald simulant or jade

Uncertain; possible beryl (emerald, Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈) or jadeite (NaAlSi₂O₆), but the blurred image may show synthetic glass or another treated stone

Faceted citrine-colored gemstone

Likely citrine (quartz, SiO₂); possibly yellow glass or synthetic gem

Diamond (or Cubic Zirconia)

Carbon (C) or Zirconium Dioxide (ZrO2)

Greenstone pebble (identification uncertain from photo)

Greenstone, typically metamorphosed mafic rock composed of chlorite, actinolite, and epidote

Yellow serpentine (likely serpentine-rich rock)

Serpentinite; chiefly serpentine-group minerals, such as antigorite, lizardite, and chrysotile

Greenstone, likely serpentinite

Serpentinite; predominantly serpentine-group minerals, Mg₃Si₂O₅(OH)₄, with possible magnetite, chlorite, and talc

Tumbled gray chalcedony or quartz pebble

Microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂), possibly gray chalcedony

Tumbled gabbro (likely larvikite or related mafic rock)

Coarse-grained mafic intrusive rock; chiefly plagioclase feldspar, pyroxene, and minor biotite/amphibole

Polished green jasper cabochon (likely serpentine or nephrite imitation)

Jasper: microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂); green coloration may reflect chlorite, epidote, or iron minerals

Green aventurine (likely)

Quartz, SiO₂, with green fuchsite or other mica inclusions; identification from the image is uncertain

Likely amphibolite (hornblende gneiss or mafic metamorphic rock)

Amphibolite, chiefly hornblende amphibole and plagioclase feldspar, with possible quartz, biotite, or epidote

Galena-bearing ore

Galena (lead sulfide, PbS), likely with sphalerite and sulfide gangue

Graphite-rich metamorphic rock (likely graphite schist)

Graphite schist; predominantly graphitic carbon (C) with mica and quartz

Polished brecciated jasper

Silica-rich microcrystalline quartz/chalcedony (SiO₂), with iron-oxide and other mineral inclusions

Small brown-gray mineral fragment

Indeterminate; possibly weathered quartz-, feldspar-, or iron-oxide-bearing rock

Ironstone concretion

Iron-oxide-cemented sediment, chiefly goethite (α-FeO(OH)) and/or hematite (Fe₂O₃)

Rhyolite

Extrusive Felsic Igneous Rock

Weathered volcanic rock fragment

Indeterminate fine-grained mafic-to-intermediate igneous rock; possibly andesite or basalt

Mounted clear gemstone, likely cubic zirconia

Cubic zirconia (zirconium dioxide, ZrO₂), synthetic; exact stone cannot be confirmed from the image

Faceted clear gemstone, likely glass imitation or cubic zirconia

Uncertain; possibilities include cubic zirconia (zirconium dioxide, ZrO₂), quartz (SiO₂), or lead glass

Cubic Zirconia

Cubic Zirconia (Zirconium Dioxide, ZrO2)

Serpentine (Nephrite-like Serpentine)

Serpentinite (Hydrous magnesium iron phyllosilicate)

Colorless faceted gemstone (likely cubic zirconia)

Cubic zirconia, ZrO₂ (synthetic zirconium dioxide); possibly synthetic glass or lab-grown diamond

Serpentinite

Serpentinite (composed primarily of Serpentine group minerals: (Mg,Fe,Ni,Al,Zn,Mn)2-3(Si,Al,Fe)2O5(OH)4)