Mineraloid (Synthetic)

Dalmatian Stone

Dalmatian Jasper (a misnomer) / Perthitic Feldspar Rock

Diamond (Faceted Colorless)

Diamond (Pure Carbon, C)

Diamond (or Cubic Zirconia simulant)

C (Carbon) or ZrO2 (Zirconium Dioxide)

Opalite

Opalescent Glass (SiO2 + coloring agents)

Fire Opal (in Matrix)

Hydrated Silica (SiO2·nH2O)

Clear faceted gemstone, likely synthetic cubic zirconia

Cubic zirconia (zirconium dioxide, ZrO₂); visual identification is not definitive and diamond or synthetic moissanite are alternatives

Blue cabochon gemstone, likely synthetic glass or dyed stone

Indeterminate from image; possible glass, synthetic spinel, sodalite, or lapis lazuli

Red/pink faceted gemstone, likely synthetic ruby or red glass

Corundum (Al₂O₃) if ruby; identity cannot be confirmed visually

Faceted transparent gemstone, likely glass or cubic zirconia

Uncertain from image; possible cubic zirconia (zirconium dioxide, ZrO₂) or glass imitation

Mounted clear gemstone, likely cubic zirconia

Cubic zirconia (zirconium dioxide, ZrO₂), synthetic; exact stone cannot be confirmed from the image

Obsidian (likely black volcanic glass)

Obsidian; predominantly silica-rich rhyolitic volcanic glass (approximately 70– on 80% SiO₂)

Polished black obsidian

Volcanic glass, predominantly rhyolitic silica (SiO₂)

Likely obsidian fragment

Volcanic glass, predominantly silica-rich rhyolitic composition (SiO₂-rich)

Obsidian (likely Apache tear or flaked obsidian)

Volcanic glass; primarily rhyolitic silica glass (SiO₂-rich, non-crystalline)

Mahogany Obsidian

Obsidian (Volcanic Glass with Hematite inclusions)

Gold Sheen Obsidian

Volcanic Glass (SiO2 + impurities)

Mahogany Obsidian

Volcanic glass (SiO2 with Hematite/Magnetite inclusions)

Polished mahogany obsidian (likely)

Volcanic glass; primarily silica-rich rhyolitic glass (SiO₂), with iron oxides

Polished black obsidian pyramid/block

Obsidian — natural volcanic glass, chiefly rhyolitic silica (approximately 70–75% SiO₂)

Snowflake Obsidian

Volcanic Glass with Spherulite Inclusions (primarily SiO2)

Black Obsidian

Obsidian (Volcanic Glass)

Snowflake Obsidian

Volcanic Glass with Spherulite Inclusions (70–75% SiO2)

Limonitic Iron Ore / Goethite

Hydrated Iron(III) oxide-hydroxide (primarily FeO(OH)·nH2O)

Obsidian

Obsidian (Volcanic Glass), primarily SiO2 (Silicon Dioxide)

Obsidian

Obsidian (Volcanic Glass, SiO2)

Limonite (Iron Ore)

Hydrated Iron(III) Oxide-Hydroxide (FeO(OH)·nH2O)

Mahogany Obsidian

Volcanic Glass (predominantly SiO2 with inclusions of Hematite or Magnetite)

Mahogany Obsidian

Volcanic glass (SiO2 with Hematite or Magnetite inclusions)

Limonite (Iron Ore)

FeO(OH)·nH2O (Hydrated iron(III) oxide-hydroxide)

Snowflake Obsidian

Volcanic glass with Cristobalite inclusions (mostly SiO2)

Emerald in Matrix

Beryl (Be3Al2Si6O18) with Chromium/Vanadium impurities

Smoky Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Cubic Zirconia (as a jewelry specimen)

Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2)

Faceted Diamond or Cubic Zirconia

Carbon (C) for Diamond; Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) for CZ

Blue Sapphire (likely lab-grown or treated)

Corundum (Aluminum Oxide, Al2O3)

Blue sapphire (likely synthetic or treated corundum)

Corundum, aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃), blue from iron and titanium impurities

Pink/red faceted gemstone, likely synthetic ruby or pink sapphire

Corundum, aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃); likely lab-grown or treated material

Blue sapphire

Corundum, aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃), colored blue mainly by iron and titanium

Blue gemstone ring, likely sapphire

Corundum, Al₂O₃ (probable blue sapphire); surrounding stones may be diamonds or simulants

Blue Sapphire

Corundum (Al2O3) with traces of Iron and Titanium

Malachite

Copper carbonate hydroxide [Cu2CO3(OH)2]

Ruby (mounted cabochon)

Corundum, Al₂O₃; red color typically from chromium