Synthetic Polymer (Polylactic Acid)

Note: The image provided is a fabric sock, not a geological specimen.

Polyester-Cotton Blend with Elastane

Blue gemstone ring (likely sapphire)

Likely corundum, Al₂O₃; the dark, reflective appearance may also indicate a treated or synthetic stone.

Likely weathered pebble or mineral fragment

Indeterminate; possibly quartz-rich stone, iron-stained feldspar, or a small chert fragment

Tumbled blue-green stone, possibly aquamarine or chalcedony

Indeterminate from image; possibilities include beryl (Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈) or cryptocrystalline quartz (SiO₂)

Cubic Zirconia

Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2)

Lapis Lazuli (Tumbled Stone)

Na6Ca2(Al6Si6O24)(SO4,S,Cl)2 (predominantly Lazurite)

Silicon Carbide (Carborundum)

Silicon Carbide (SiC)

Diamond (or Cubic Zirconia simulant)

C (Carbon) or ZrO2 (Zirconium Dioxide)

Opalite

Opalescent Glass (SiO2 + coloring agents)

Red/pink faceted gemstone, likely synthetic ruby or red glass

Corundum (Al₂O₃) if ruby; identity cannot be confirmed visually

Mounted clear gemstone, likely cubic zirconia

Cubic zirconia (zirconium dioxide, ZrO₂), synthetic; exact stone cannot be confirmed from the image

Faceted transparent gemstone, likely glass or cubic zirconia

Uncertain from image; possible cubic zirconia (zirconium dioxide, ZrO₂) or glass imitation

Clear faceted gemstone, likely synthetic cubic zirconia

Cubic zirconia (zirconium dioxide, ZrO₂); visual identification is not definitive and diamond or synthetic moissanite are alternatives

Blue cabochon gemstone, likely synthetic glass or dyed stone

Indeterminate from image; possible glass, synthetic spinel, sodalite, or lapis lazuli

Amber (Copal)

Fossilized Tree Resin

Faceted colorless gemstone, likely quartz (rock crystal)

Quartz, SiO₂

Emerald in Matrix

Beryl (Be3Al2Si6O18) with Chromium/Vanadium impurities

Smoky Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Cubic Zirconia (as a jewelry specimen)

Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2)

Amber

Succinite (fossilized tree resin)

Amber

Succinite

Amber

Succinate (Organic Fossilized Resin)

Faceted Diamond or Cubic Zirconia

Carbon (C) for Diamond; Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) for CZ

Blue Sapphire (likely lab-grown or treated)

Corundum (Aluminum Oxide, Al2O3)

Blue sapphire (likely synthetic or treated corundum)

Corundum, aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃), blue from iron and titanium impurities

Ruby (mounted cabochon)

Corundum, Al₂O₃; red color typically from chromium

Malachite

Copper carbonate hydroxide [Cu2CO3(OH)2]

Blue sapphire

Corundum, aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃), colored blue mainly by iron and titanium

Blue gemstone ring, likely sapphire

Corundum, Al₂O₃ (probable blue sapphire); surrounding stones may be diamonds or simulants

Blue Sapphire

Corundum (Al2O3) with traces of Iron and Titanium

Blue sapphire ring

Corundum, aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃), blue variety colored mainly by iron and titanium

Pink/red faceted gemstone, likely synthetic ruby or pink sapphire

Corundum, aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃); likely lab-grown or treated material

Opalite (a synthetic glass)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with various additives; not a true mineral but a man-made gem simulant

Colorless faceted gemstone, likely glass or cubic zirconia

Probably cubic zirconia (zirconium dioxide, ZrO₂); diamond cannot be confirmed visually

Cubic Zirconia (Faceted)

Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2)

Anthropogenic Heat Source (Electronic/Industrial Interface)

Thermal IR emission (Electronic infrastructure)

Cubic Zirconia

Zirconium Dioxide (ZrO2)

Blue Sapphire (Synthetic or Man-made Glass Imitation)

Corundum (Al2O3) if natural; Lead-glass or Spinal if synthetic

Opalite

Synthetic Glass (Amorphized Silicon Dioxide)

Diamond (or Cubic Zirconia simulant)

Carbon (C) / Zirconium Dioxide (ZrO2)

Emerald

Beryl (Be₃Al₂Si₆Oထ₈) with Chromium/Vanadium impurities

Strawberry Quartz (Hematoid Quartz)

Silicon Dioxide with Iron Oxide inclusions (SiO2 + Fe2O3)