Mineral (Native Element)

Red Jasper

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Hematite impurities

Polished quartz-rich pebble, possibly gold-bearing quartz vein material

Quartz (SiO₂) with probable iron-oxide staining and metallic sulfide inclusions

Red Jasper

Jasper (Silicon Dioxide, SiO2 with iron oxide impurities)

Turquoise

CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O (Hydrous phosphate of copper and aluminium)

Turquoise

Hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminium (CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O)

Inlaid stone ring (likely jasper or agate)

Likely microcrystalline quartz (chalcedony, SiO₂), possibly jasper, with decorative mineral inlays

Argillite / Mudstone

Argillaceous sedimentary rock

Red Jasper

Jasper (Silicon Dioxide with iron oxide inclusions), SiO2

Turquoise

CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O (Hydrous Phosphate of Copper and Aluminum)

Thunderegg (Agetized Geode nodule)

Rhyolitic Agate Nodule (SiO2 filling volcanic cavities)

Pyrite-bearing quartz vein rock

Pyrite (FeS₂) with quartz (SiO₂), likely in a schistose or altered host rock

Tumbled turquoise

Turquoise, CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O

Turquoise (likely stabilized or Howlite/Magnesite imitation)

Hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminium, CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O

Conglomeratic breccia (possibly polymictic volcanic breccia)

Polymictic breccia; clasts in a fine-grained volcanic or sedimentary matrix

Red Jasper

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with impure Iron oxides

Turquoise

Hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminium (CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O)

Unknown brown-and-gold rock fragment

Undetermined; possibly iron-stained quartz, mica schist, or sulfide-bearing ore

Turquoise in Matrix

Hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminium (CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O)

Red Jasper

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Hematite inclusions

Yellow Jasper

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with iron oxide impurities

Weathered iron-rich rock, possibly limonite-bearing quartzite or ironstone

Limonite/goethite-rich Fe-oxide rock; exact identification requires testing

Turquoise

Hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminum; CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O

Spiny Oyster Shell

Spondylus varians (Biogenic Calcium Carbonate)

Native metallic specimen, possibly galena or a sulfide-rich ore fragment

Tentatively galena (lead sulfide, PbS), possibly mixed with iron/copper sulfides

Native gold-bearing quartz/rock specimen

Native gold (Au) in quartz and iron-oxide matrix

Silver (Sterling Silver)

Argentum (Ag) mixed with Copper (Cu); Formula: Ag+Cu

Moqui Marble (Iron Oxide Concretion)

Iron Oxide Concretion (primarily Limonite/Hematite around a Sandstone center)

Native gold nugget (probable)

Native gold, Au; possibly gold-bearing ironstone or quartz matrix

Copper ore with native copper and quartz/calcite

Malachite–chrysocolla–cuprite-bearing copper ore, likely with quartz or calcite gangue

Goldstone (likely blue-free synthetic goldstone pendant)

Synthetic aventurine glass; silica glass with dispersed metallic copper crystals

Chert (variations include Flint)

Microcrystalline or Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Pyrite-bearing sulfide specimen

Pyrite (FeS₂), possibly with chalcopyrite (CuFeS₂) and/or marcasite

Gold-bearing sulfide ore (tentative)

Native gold, likely with pyrite/chalcopyrite in quartz or altered rock

Red jasper (likely brecciated jasper)

Microcrystalline quartz/chalcedony (SiO₂), iron-oxide stained

Turquoise

CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O (Hydrous copper aluminium phosphate)

Metallic sulfide ore, likely pyrite-bearing rock

Pyrite (FeS₂), possibly with chalcopyrite and quartz/host rock

Native Copper (in coinage alloy)

Copper (Cu)

Quartz with Mica Schist Matrix

Quartz (SiO2) in Mica Schist Matrix

Weathered metallic sulfide fragment, possibly pyrite-bearing rock

Likely iron sulfide (pyrite, FeS₂) in a weathered host rock; exact identification requires testing

Pyrite (“fool’s gold”)

Iron disulfide, FeS₂; likely a pyrite-rich sulfide specimen

Petrified Wood

Silicified Wood (primarily Quartz / Chalcedony: SiO2)

Polished native copper nugget

Native copper (Cu), likely with cuprite/tenorite and iron-oxide alteration