Mineral Within Sedimentary Rock

Sandstone

Arenite (primarily SiO2)

Sandstone (Grooved/Weathered)

Arenite (composed primarily of Quartz and Lithic fragments)

Ferruginous Quartz

Silicon Dioxide with Hematite/Limonite inclusions (SiO2 + Fe2O3)

Marble

Recrystallized Calcite (CaCO3) or Dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2)

Rutilated Quartz

Quartz with Rutile Inclusions (SiO2 with TiO2 inclusions)

Gneiss

Gneiss (a rock type, not a specific mineral with a formula)

Hag Stone

Porous sedimentary rock (typically Flint, Chert, or Sandstone) with naturally occurring holes

Concrete Rubble with Aggregate

Hardened Portland Cement Paste with Coarse Aggregate

Petrified Wood

Silicified Wood (SiO2)

Chert (Flint variety)

Chert (SiO2)

Raw Emerald in Schist Matrix

Beryl (Be3Al2Si6O18) in Mica Schist

Gneiss

Gneiss (High-grade Metamorphic Rock)

Fossiliferous Shale (with Vertebrate Bones)

Laminated Mudstone containing Fossilized Bone (Apatite)

Schist

Mica Schist (Variable chemistry, often rich in muscovite and biotite)

Sandstone (Quartzose Sandstone)

Clastic sedimentary rock (SiO2 primary composition)

Red Jasper

Jasper (Silicon Dioxide, SiO2 with iron oxide impurities)

Schist (Micaceous Schist)

Schist (comprising Muscovite/Biotite mica, Quartz, and Feldspar)

Sandstone

Arenite (composed primarily of SiO2)

Clear Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Howlite

Calcium Borosilicate Hydroxide (Ca2B5SiO9(OH)5)

Red Jasper

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with iron oxide inclusions

Iron-stained Quartzite / Chert

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Hematite/Limonite impurities

Blue Agate (Dyed)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Clear Quartz Crystal

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Chalcedony (Agate/Carnelian precursor)

Chalcedony (Silicon Dioxide, SiO2)

Red Sandstone

Clastic sedimentary rock (primarily SiO2 with Fe2O3)

Banded Gneiss

Gneiss (High-grade regional metamorphic rock)

Sandstone (Banded)

Clastic Sedimentary Rock (primarily SiO2 with Iron Oxide staining)

Granite

Granite (Mainly Quartz, Alkali Feldspar, and Plagioclase)

Ruby in Fuchsite (often confused with Ruby in Zoisite)

Corundum (Al2O3) in Chromium-rich Muscovite (KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2)

Pumice

Pumice (Vesicular volcanic glass / Rhyolite or Trachyte)

Chalcedony in Host Rock

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Gneiss

Gneiss

Sandstone (Quartzose)

Arenite (Formula: SiO2 primary, with various cements)

Galena

Lead Sulfide (PbS)

Wonderstone

Rhyolite (Silicon Dioxide with Iron Oxide impurities)

Red Sandstone

Clastic sedimentary rock (primarily Quartz and Feldspar with Iron Oxide cement)

Carnelian Agate

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Iron Impurities

Clear Quartz Crystal

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Celestite (Celestine)

Strontium sulfate (SrSO4)

Sandstone

Arenite (SiO2 based clastic rock)

Quartz (Milky or Clear variety)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)