Synthetic (Man Made Material Mimicking Natural Stone)

Tumbled amber-colored chalcedony or jasper

Microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂), likely iron-stained chalcedony/jasper

Diamond

Carbon (C)

Dyed Agate

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with synthetic dyes

Colorless faceted gemstone (most likely synthetic cubic zirconia)

Cubic zirconia, ZrO₂ (likely synthetic); natural alternatives include quartz or diamond

Rough Corundum (Sapphire/Ruby mixture)

Corundum (Aluminum Oxide, Al2O3)

Chert (Chert / Flint Variety)

Microcrystalline / Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Turquoise bead bracelet

Turquoise — hydrated copper aluminum phosphate, CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O

N/A - Man-made object (Jewelry Chain)

Antiqued or Oxidized Metal Chain (often Steel or Brass)

Polished hematite bead necklace

Hematite (iron(III) oxide, Fe₂O₃), likely polished beads

Slag

Ferrous Slag (Siliceous industrial waste)

Banded Calcite or Travertine

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Cubic Zirconia (Faceted)

Zirconium Dioxide (ZrO2)

Sandstone Concretion

Clastic Sedimentary Rock (primarily SiO2 with mineral cement)

Titanium Coated Aura Quartz (Apple Aura Quartz)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Metallic Vapor Deposition Coating

Polished blue chalcedony or glass-like quartz specimen

Chalcedony (microcrystalline SiO₂), possibly treated or synthetic; exact identification requires testing

Likely weathered iron-rich rock or slag fragment

Uncertain; possibly limonite/goethite-rich material (FeO(OH)·nH₂O)

Diamond (Faceted)

Carbon (C)

Polished greenstone pebble

Likely nephrite jade (tremolite–actinolite), though serpentine or greenstone is possible from appearance alone

Blue Sapphire

Corundum (Al2O3 with trace Titanium and Iron)

Diamond

Carbon (C)

Blue Slag Glass

Amorphous Silica (Byproduct of smelting)

Chert (Flint)

Silicon dioxide (SiO2)

Chert (varieties include Flint and Jasper)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Granite

Phaneritic Plutonic Felsic Rock (SiO2, KAlSi3O8, NaAlSi3O8, CaAl2Si2O8)

Banded agate pendant (likely carnelian or brown-and-white chalcedony agate)

Agate, a banded variety of chalcedony; microcrystalline quartz, SiO₂, with iron-oxide coloration

Tumbled blue-green stone, likely chrysocolla or dyed chalcedony

Probable chrysocolla (hydrated copper aluminosilicate; variable composition), though appearance could also represent dyed chalcedony

Chert

Microcrystalline quartz (SiO2)

Pearl-embellished decorative cross

Pearl (biogenic calcium carbonate, predominantly aragonite) with rhinestone-mounted glass or synthetic gemstones

Terrazzo (with Marble and Granite fragments)

Cementitious or resinous composite containing Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) and Silicates

Greenstone

Metamorphic mafic rock (chlorite-actinolite-epidote schist)

Chert Arrowhead

Chert (Cryptocrystalline variety of Quartz, SiO2)

Black Tourmaline

Schorl (Na(Fe²⁺)₃Al₆(OH)₄(BO₃)₃Si₆O₁₈)

Jadeite and Mixed Gemstones (Ruby, Sapphire, Emerald)

Jadeite (NaAlSi2O6), Corundum (Al2O3), Beryl (Be3Al2(Si6O18))

Chert (often called Flint in archaeological contexts)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Garden Quartz (Lodalite)

Silicon Dioxide with various mineral inclusions (SiO2)

Sandstone

Sedimentary Clastic Rock

Sandstone

Clastic sedimentary rock (primarily SiO2)

Diamond

Carbon (C)

Ametrine

Ametrine (SiO2 - Silicon Dioxide with trace amounts of Iron)

Ruby

Corundum (Al2O3 with Chromium traces)

Diamond (faceted)

Diamond (Pure Carbon, C)

Ruby (Faceted)

Corundum (Al2O3 with Cr trace elements)